Social and Political Life in Ustrushana in The Ancient and Middle Ages

Authors

  • Ataev Muslim Rikhsievich Doctoral student of the International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, PhD in History

Abstract

It is known that it is not possible to give a complete description of the external and internal political events that took place in Ustrushana in the early Middle Ages, because the information in the ancient written sources that serve as a basis for the research is extremely scarce. Therefore, since the political life of the studied period is a continuation of the events and incidents that occurred in antiquity, there is a need to cover the political processes of this period in detail.

References

Abduhalimov B.A. Scientific activities of "Bayt al-hikma" and Central Asian scientists in Baghdad (exact and natural sciences in the 9th-11th centuries). - T.: "Uzbekistan" publishing house, 2010. - P. 6.

Pardaev M.H., B.B. Toychiboev. Ustrushona in antiquity and the early Middle Ages (based on written and archaeological sources). - T.: "Science and Technology", 2017. - B. 144-145.

Diador. Historical Library. Strogetsky V.M. Vvedenie k "Istoricheskoy bilioteke" Diadora Sisiliyskogo i ego istoriko-philosofskoe soderjanie. St. Petersburg, pri IMP AN., 1774. - S. 521.

Justin. Epitoma sochinenia Pompeii Troga "Historia Philippicae". Diodorus. Historical Library. Book XVII. - Ryazan: Alexandria, 2005.

Gafurov B. Tajik. Izd-vo "Nauka". M., 1972. - S. 96.

Lyutov M.M. Alexander the Great v Turkestan. Tashkent, typo-lithography S.I. Lakhtina, 1890. - S. 17.

Quintus Curtius Rufus. History of Alexander of Macedon. Sokhranivshiesya book. Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1963. – S. 273-279.

Alam Z. Ancient historians about Central Asia. - Tashkent. "Lawyer-media center" publishing house, 2008. - B. 83-84;

The name of the river Laksart (Yaksart) by the Bactrians is Silis in Scythia, and the soldiers of Alexander the Great called it Tanaid. (Ancient historians about Central Asia. - P. 123).

Barthold V.V. Turki / Soch.– M.: Nauka, 1968. – Tom V. – S. 576–595; Shaniozov K.Sh. The state of Kang and the people of Kang. Tashkent: 1990. – B.41;

Enoki K. The date of Kidârites. – P. 11–15;

Vaissiere de la E. Histoire des marchands Sogdiens. – P. 238;

Bosworth C. E., Bolshakov O. G. Central Asia under the Umayyads and the early Abbasids / History of civilizations of Central Asia /Ed: Bosworth C. E., Asimov, M. S. – Delhi: UNESCO, 1998. – P. 29;

Bregel Y. An Historical Atlas of Central Asia … – Р. 18.;

Deom J.M. Islamization and Early Sufism in Central Eurasia during the Pre-Mongolian Period – P. 3.

Golden P.B. The Karakhanids and Early Islam / The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia / Ed. Sinor D. – Cambridge University Press, 1990. – P. 357.

Negmatov N. N. The Samanid state / History of civilizations of Central Asia. A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century / Ed: Bosworth C. E., Asimov M. S. – Delhi: UNESCO. 1998. – P. 92-93.

Muminov A.K. Rol i mesto khanafitskikh 'ulama' v jizni gorodov Tsentralnogo Mavarannakhra (II-VII/VIII-XIII v): Dis. … Dr. ist. science - T.: TIU, 2003. - B. 172-176.

Ömer Soner Hunkan. Türk Hakanlıgı (Karahanlılar) Kuruluş-Gelışme-Çöküş (766-1212). – Istanbul: Tanıtım Hızmetlerı Tıcaret Lımıted Şırketı, 2007. – Б. 370.

Bekmirzaev I.I. Burhanuddin Mahmud al-Bukhari's work "al-Muhit" and its role in the Mowarounnahr Qazi: Tar. science. nomz.... dis. - T.: TIU, 2009. - B. 21.

Azamat Zia, History of Uzbek statehood, T., 2000.22. Pelliot, Notes sur le «Turkestan», – Б. 27-29;

William H. McNeill. A World History. Oxford university press. New York. Oxford, 1999. – Б. 298, 345, 393, 443-444;

Skrine and Ross, The Heart of Asia. – Б. 151; Stübe, Tschingiz-Chan. – Б. 532;

Hartmann, Der islamische Orient, Bd II. – Б. 598.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-07

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Social and Political Life in Ustrushana in The Ancient and Middle Ages. (2023). European Journal of Pedagogical Initiatives and Educational Practices, 1(2), 242-249. https://europeanscience.org/index.php/4/article/view/163