European Journal of Pedagogical Initiatives and Educational Practices
European Journal of Pedagogical Initiatives and Educational Practices is a scholarly peer reviewed international multidisciplinary Journal. The journal implements double blind peer review for articles. The research manuscript have to pass through the plagiarism check before allotted to the reviewers. The open access journal ensure the quality of published articles. The journal includes wide range of research articles in multidisciplinary areas of Pedagogical Initiatives and Educational Practice. The original review, research, literature, short note, book reviews are welcome to publish in this journal Important information of the Journal: Frequency: 12 issues per Year International License: CC BY Acceptance Status : 1-2 weeks Publication Period : 1-2 weeks ISSN (E): 2938-3625 SJIF 2024: 5.441 Journal Abbreviation: Eur. j. pedag. initiat. educ. pract The journal covers following areas: Artificial Intelligence in Education Technology Access Gap. Integrated Learning Systems. Computer Assisted Instruction. Web-based Instruction. Virtual Learning Outcome based education Pedagogical initiatives Educational Advancements Teaching learning practices
RECOGNITION, DIGNITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION
This article explores the interrelated concepts of recognition, dignity, and social inclusion, emphasizing their philosophical and social significance. Recognition is understood as the acknowledgment of an individual’s or group’s inherent value, while dignity reflects the moral worth that underpins human rights and ethical treatment. Social inclusion involves creating equitable opportunities for participation in social, economic, and political life. The paper argues that recognition and dignity are essential prerequisites for meaningful inclusion, as exclusion often results from the denial of respect, identity, or voice. Drawing on contemporary social theory, philosophical perspectives, and case studies of marginalized groups, the article highlights how policies, social practices, and cultural attitudes can foster or hinder inclusive societies. By linking ethical principles with practical frameworks, the study contributes to a more holistic understanding of social inclusion and its role in promoting justice, equality, and human flourishing.
Social inclusion, recognition, dignity, human rights, marginalization, equality, social justice, participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DESIGNING AN ESP COURSE FOR FIRST-YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS (A Needs-Based Case Study and Content-Oriented Approach)
English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) courses play a crucial role in preparing medical students for effective professional communication in global healthcare contexts. This paper presents a research-based analysis of an ESP course designed for first-year medical students at Tashkent Medical Academy. The study describes the learner profile, conducts a comprehensive needs analysis using quantitative and qualitative methods, and proposes an ESP course design integrating the Case Study Approach and Content-Based Instruction (Adjunct Model). The course aims, assessment framework, and pedagogical rationale are grounded in established ESP literature. The findings highlight the importance of selective skills emphasis, authentic tasks, and formative assessment in addressing the linguistic needs of future medical professionals within limited instructional time.
ESP, EOP, Medical English, Needs Analysis, Case Study Approach, Content-Based Instruction.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN EASTERN COUNTRIES
This article discusses the emergence of the education system of Eastern countries, the first pedagogical views. Also, special attention is paid to the specific features of the education system of Eastern countries, new reforms, opportunities, and achievements.
Eastern countries, developed countries, pedagogical views, education system, education sector, curricula, preschool education, primary education, general secondary education, higher education, characteristics, educational institution.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRONUNCIATION TRAINING IN IMPROVING SPEAKING COMPETENCE OF UZBEK EFL LEARNERS
The main purpose of this article is to emphasize pronunciation training to improve speaking skills of Uzbek EFL(English as a Foreign Language) learners. It explains common phonetic difficulties caused by first language (L1) interference, presents effective pronunciation training techniques, and highlights the pedagogical significance of integrating pronunciation instruction into EFL classrooms. These suggest that targeted pronunciation training significantly improves intelligibility, fluency, confidence, and overall speaking performance among Uzbek EFL learners.
Pronunciation training, speaking competence, Uzbek EFL learners, phonetic interference, oral communication.
USE OF COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
In this article, cognitive technologies, the use of cognitive technologies in teaching activities. An opinion was expressed about the professional training of future teachers and the development of their personal abilities.
Cognitive technologies, motivation, reflexive, professional training, educational technology, cognitive interest, creative ability, individual.
THE GRAMMAR–TRANSLATION METHOD IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING: TRADITION, CRITIQUE, AND CONTEMPORARY RELEVANCE
The grammar–translation method (GTM) is one of the oldest and most enduring approaches in the Russian language teaching. Rooted in classical education, it prioritizes grammatical accuracy, translation skills, and reading comprehension through the systematic use of learners’ native language. Despite sustained criticism for its limited attention to communicative competence, the method continues to influence language pedagogy, particularly in academic, philological, and translation-oriented contexts. This thesis examines the theoretical foundations, instructional principles, strengths, and limitations of the grammar–translation method, while also reconsidering its potential role in modern the Russian language education. The analysis demonstrates that, when applied selectively and in combination with contemporary approaches, GTM can remain pedagogically meaningful.
Translation-based learning, traditional language methods, reading comprehension, native language use, language pedagogy, form-focused instruction, second language acquisition.
DEVELOPING PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE IN EFL LEARNERS THROUGH TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING
Pragmatic competence constitutes a core dimension of communicative proficiency and remains an essential objective in EFL pedagogy. However, learners in foreign language contexts frequently exhibit deficiencies in their ability to perform speech acts appropriately due to limited exposure to naturalistic communication. This article investigates the potential of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) as an effective methodological framework for enhancing pragmatic competence among EFL learners. Drawing on a qualitative action-research design with B2-level university students, the study demonstrates that task-based instruction fosters substantial gains in pragmalinguistic accuracy, sociopragmatic judgment, interactional fluency, and metapragmatic awareness. The findings highlight the pedagogical value of TBLT as a comprehensive approach to pragmatic instruction and underscore its relevance for contemporary EFL curricula.
Pragmatic competence, Task-Based Language Teaching, speech acts, sociopragmatic norms, EFL instruction, pragmalinguistics, communicative competence.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT THINKING THROUGH INNOVATIVE METHODS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
The article explores the effectiveness of innovative teaching methods in fostering independent thinking skills among primary school students. In the context of rapid educational modernization and increasing emphasis on learner-centered pedagogy, the development of independent thinking has become a crucial component of early education. The study examines how modern instructional approaches—such as problem-based learning, project-based tasks, interactive technologies, creative learning activities, and differentiated instruction-enhance students’ ability to analyze information, generate personal viewpoints, make autonomous decisions, and solve problems creatively. Through a combination of theoretical investigation and practical experimentation, the research identifies the pedagogical conditions necessary for cultivating independence in young learners. An innovative teaching model designed for primary education was developed and tested, integrating cognitive activation strategies, inquiry-based learning, and reflective practices. Experimental results demonstrate that students exposed to innovative methods exhibit higher levels of motivation, creativity, responsibility, and decision-making abilities. The findings also show that the introduction of digital tools and interactive techniques significantly contributes to the formation of critical and independent thinking at an early age.
Innovative teaching methods; primary education; independent thinking; learner-centered approach; problem-based learning; project-based learning; interactive technologies; cognitive development; creative skills; educational innovation.
This article analyzes the essence, causes and methods of their elimination of pedagogical conflicts. The psychological and pedagogical aspects of positive resolution of conflicts between teacher and student, teacher and parent, colleagues in educational institutions will be highlighted. The article emphasizes the importance of pedagogical dialogue, compromise, empathy and creating a positive psychological environment.
Pedagogical conflict, conflict, dialogue, compromise, empathy, psychological environment.
This article covers the concept of pedagogical professional competencies, their components and their role in the modern educational process. Professional competence of a teacher is a combination of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, methodological skills, communicative potential and personal qualities of the teacher. The article analyzes general, professional, methodological, information, communication and reflexive competencies and gives an effective way of their development. In addition, the current aspects of training pedagogical personnel and their role in improving the quality of education are substantiated on the basis of a competency approach. The results of the study confirm that strengthening the professional competence of teachers is one of the main factors in modern education.
Pedagogical competence, professional competencies, pedagogical skills, methodological competence, communicative competence, reflexive competence, information and communication competence, quality of education, pedagogical activity, competence approach, training of pedagogical personnel, modern education.
ENHANCING EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH TEAMWORK AND ATTENTION TO INDIVIDUAL STUDENT DEVELOPMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE JAPANESE EDUCATION SYSTEM
This article explores how teamwork and individualized student development contribute to enhancing educational effectiveness within the Japanese education system. Drawing on recent studies on lesson study, collaborative learning, and individualized approaches, the paper argues that Japan's unique blend of collective teacher collaboration and personalized learning strategies provides a model for balancing group-based and individual-centered education. The article synthesizes research findings to present an integrated perspective on how Japan maintains a high-performing and adaptable education system.
Japanese education system, lesson study, collaborative learning, teacher collaboration, individualized learning, student-centered education, professional development, ICT integration, educational effectiveness, collective pedagogy.
MODERN PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
This article presents an opinion on the integrative principles of teaching pedagogical sciences in the context of glocalization. According to the principle of information asymmetry in science, it can be concluded that in political, social and economic spheres, decision-making, just like in the field of environmental protection, often (perhaps always) takes place in conditions of uncertainty.
Global, process, dual, principle, aspect.
EVOLUTION OF COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURES IN THE LANDSCAPE GENRE: FROM CLASSICAL TO CONTEMPORARY
This article analyzes the historical development of compositional structures in the landscape genre, exploring their evolution from classical artistic traditions to contemporary creative directions. The study scientifically explains the strict compositional framework formed in ancient and Renaissance landscapes, the spatial construction principles of Romanticism and Realism in the 18th–19th centuries, and the new interpretation of the compositional center through light and atmosphere in Impressionism. It also examines the emergence of abstract, conceptual, and experimental directions in contemporary landscape art, highlighting the reinterpretation of compositional concepts enriched with visual rhythm, color fields, minimalism, and photographic approaches. Research results show that the evolution of landscape composition is not only a formal transformation but also a deep shift in artistic worldview, perception, and expressive means throughout history.
Landscape, composition, spatial structure, landscape aesthetics, picturesque, modernism, postmodernism, visual thinking, perspective, atmospheric quality.
THE ORIGIN, SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS, AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CONCEPT OF “INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES”
This article presents a comprehensive scientific analysis of research conducted both globally and within Uzbekistan on interactive pedagogical technologies. It examines the development of such technologies, the works produced in this field, and evaluates their impact on the educational process, highlighting their role in enhancing teaching and learning outcomes.
Scientific research, interactive technologies, education, quality of lesson, modern methodical technology.
IMPROVING COST ACCOUNTING BASED ON INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENHANCING ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE
This article analyzes the potential for increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises by improving cost accounting based on international standards (such as International Financial Reporting Standards – IFRS, and International Standards on Auditing – ISA). An effective cost accounting system not only ensures transparent financial reporting but also serves as a reliable information base for decision-making processes, positively influencing optimization of production cost and improvement of profitability. The article examines the experience of developed foreign countries and current practices in Uzbekistan, highlighting mechanisms for modernizing cost accounting and its prospects. Institutional and staffing challenges encountered during the transition to international standards, as well as the effectiveness of governmental support, are also assessed. The research results are aimed at developing scientific and practical recommendations to enhance enterprise competitiveness through improved cost accounting.
Cost accounting, international standards, cost price, efficiency, financial reporting, competitiveness, management accounting, transformation.
THE ROLE OF ATTRACTIVE RELATIONSHIPS IN DEVELOPING EXPRESSIVE COMPETENCE: RESULTS OF AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Attractive relationships—warm, positive, emotionally supportive interpersonal interactions—play a central role in the psychological and communicative development of children. In early childhood and middle childhood, expressive competence becomes the foundation for social interaction, emotional regulation, and academic success. The present study examines the role of attractive relationships in developing expressive competence through an experimental intervention implemented with 80 children aged 5–7 years in a preschool and early primary school setting. The intervention aimed to enhance expressive abilities through structured social–emotional activities, cooperative games, and guided communication tasks. Using mixed research methods, including observational checklists, expressive language tests, and socio-emotional assessments, the study evaluated how supportive, attractive peer–adult relationships influence children’s expressive competence. Quantitative findings reveal a significant improvement in verbal expressiveness, clarity of emotional expression, and contextual communication among children exposed to attractive relationship-based pedagogical practices (p < 0.01). Qualitative data further highlight the importance of trust, empathy, and positive group climate in promoting expressive development. The findings suggest that attractive relationships serve as a mediating factor that improves communicative motivation, reduces anxiety, enhances verbal fluency, and fosters expressive confidence. The study concludes with pedagogical implications for preschool educators and recommendations for integrating attractive relationship-building strategies into educational programs.
Attractive relationships, expressive competence, preschool education, communication skills, socio-emotional development, experimental study, language development.
POLITICAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC LIFE DURING THE KARAKHANID DYNASTY
This article examines the political life of the Karakhanid State, which emerged in the second half of the 8th century. The study analyzes the unification of Eastern Turkestan and Transoxiana, as well as the impact of internal dynastic rivalries on political stability. In addition, the article explores the Karakhanids’ foreign relations, particularly their interactions with neighboring states such as the Seljuks and the Ghaznavids.
Karakhanid State, political life, Eastern Turkestan, Transoxiana, dynastic rivalry, political stability, foreign policy, Seljuks, Ghaznavids.
THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS' COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES
This article examines the development of communicative competence within the context of modern higher education, emphasizing the growing role of interactive methods and information technologies in teaching. The study highlights the relevance of the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5847, which outlines strategic priorities for improving pedagogical training, integrating innovative teaching methods, and strengthening communication skills among future educators. A review of international and Uzbek scientific literature demonstrates that communicative competence is a multidisciplinary concept shaped by research in pedagogy, psychology, and sociology. The article further explores methodological approaches that enhance effective communication in teaching, including the use of reliable information sources, clear communication goals, and audience-oriented strategies. Special attention is given to the cognitive processes that influence communication, such as perceptual models and contextual factors. The findings underscore the need for continuous, dynamic, and context-sensitive communication to improve the quality of education and foster competent future professionals.
Communicative competence; pedagogical communication; interactive methods; higher education; information technologies; cognitive models; communication context; pedagogical skills; professional competence; educational reforms.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING THE KOTLIN PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE IN THE DIGITAL PEDAGOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
This article examines modern approaches to teaching programming within the framework of digital pedagogy. Special attention is given to the use of innovative methods, interactive technologies, and digital tools in teaching the Kotlin programming language. The article also discusses the development of algorithmic thinking, the support of independent learning, and the individualization of the educational process. The findings have practical significance for improving teaching methodologies in programming education.
Digital pedagogy, Kotlin, programming education, innovative technologies, methodology, interactive learning.
ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE ON THE CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION-PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY
This article examines the experience of the People’s Republic of China among the leading foreign countries in the effective implementation of tasks related to ensuring the information-psychological security of the individual. This experience is aimed at the moral development of the individual and the formation of information culture and immunity against information-psychological threats.
Information, information security, information-psychological security, information society, information-psychological security of the individual.
METHODOLOGY FOR LEARNING AND CONSOLIDATING GEOMETRIC KNOWLEDGE USING TABLES IN PRIMARY GRADES
This article discusses several methods that help primary school students improve their ability to master simple geometric shapes and formulas using tables. The research work presents a step-by-step approach to calculating the perimeter and area of rectangles, triangles, polygons, as well as the surface area and volume of simple spatial shapes such as cubes, parallelepipeds, and prisms. The presented methods are important in developing students' logical thinking skills and developing the ability to systematically solve complex problems in the imagination.
Elementary school, geometric shapes, table, simple spatial shapes, geometric formulas.
THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (BASED ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE)
In modern education, foreign language learning is no longer viewed only as a linguistic task. Increasing evidence from neuroscience and psychology shows that learning another language directly influences cognitive development. It strengthens working memory, enhances concentration, and improves problem-solving abilities. By analyzing international research and educational practices, this article demonstrates how foreign language learning supports students’ intellectual growth and why schools and universities should consider it an essential component of cognitive development strategies.
Foreign language learning, cognitive development, executive functions, working memory, metalinguistic awareness, cognitive flexibility, bilingual education, student motivation, international experience, cognitive benefits.
THE CONCEPT OF GENDER, ITS HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE IN SOCIETY
This article analyzes the content of the concept of gender, its historical formation and role in society. It is argued that gender is a concept that is not limited only to biological differences, but is also formed under the influence of socio-cultural factors. Historically, how the concept of gender has developed in different periods and the changes in gender roles are discussed. It also discusses gender equality and its importance in the development of society, gender stereotypes and ways to overcome them.
Gender, gender equality, gender roles, society, sociocultural factors, history, stereotypes, patriarchy, feminism, inclusion. The concept of gender requires an interdisciplinary approach, as it relates to fields such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, and political science. Below, we will analyze gender from a scientific perspective.
THE CONCEPT OF THE PROTAGONIST IN LITERARY STUDIES: THE EVOLUTION OF THE IMAGE FROM CLASSICAL TO NARRATOLOGICAL APPROACHES
The article traces the historical and theoretical evolution of the concept of the protagonist - the central character of a literary work - from ancient poetics to modern narratology. It examines key stages in the understanding of the hero in the aesthetic systems of classicism, romanticism, realism, formalism, and M.M. Bakhtin's dialogic theory. The work analyzes the approaches of Western (M. Bal, W. Booth, J. Levin), Russian (M.M. Bakhtin, Yu.N. Tynyanov, Yu.M. Lotman, B.M. Eichenbaum), and Uzbek researchers (Sh. Rakhmatullaev, A. Safar, M. Khodjaev), which allows for the identification of cross-national typological similarities and differences. The article offers a comprehensive narratological-comparative analysis of the concept of the hero as a phenomenon of literary consciousness and the structure of the artistic text.
Protagonist, narratology, narrative structure, dialogism, formalism, polyphony, typical character.
DIDACTIC BASIS OF DEVELOPING SPECIAL COMPETENCES OF FUTURE TEACHERS THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
This article discusses the issues of improving the methodology for developing special competencies of future teachers through digital technologies. The need to modernize pedagogical activities in the education system, improve the professional skills of teachers and adapt to the modern labor market in the conditions of digital transformation is analyzed. The article studies international experiences such as UNESCO, OECD and DigCompEdu, as well as reforms in the education system of Uzbekistan. The methodological foundations of using digital platforms, virtual laboratories, multimedia tools and artificial intelligence technologies for future teachers are considered. The conclusion provides scientific and practical recommendations on the integration of digital technologies in pedagogical education.
Future teachers, special competencies, digital technologies, digital pedagogy, methodology, quality of education.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERDISCIPLINARY COMPETENCIES IN PHYSICS CLASSES TAUGHT IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES –AS A MEANS OF SHALING THE ABILITY OF STUDENTS TO THINK INDEPENDENTLY
This article analyzes modern pedagogical technologies used in physics classes and their role in shaping interdisciplinary competencies. The possibilities of fostering creative thinking, independent work, and professional skills among students through the integration of project-based research, information and communication technologies (ICT), and practical experience are demonstrated.
Physics, interdisciplinary competencies, pedagogical technologies, creative independent thinking, project-based research, laboratory experiments, ICT.
DEVELOPING A SAFETY CULTURE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
The importance of protecting younger students from emergencies is enormous. Children at this age do not yet have sufficient life experience and safety knowledge. For this reason, it is very important to teach them how to behave properly during various emergencies – fire, earthquake, flood, hazards associated with electrical equipment, or other natural and man-made disasters. With the help of explanatory work, practical exercises and simulation exercises conducted at school, it is possible to form a safety culture among students. This will not only save their lives, but also serve their future development into responsible citizens in society. Therefore, emergency preparedness for primary school students should be an integral part of the educational process.
Emergencies, natural disasters, Conservation, fire or earthquake, flooding, hazards associated with electrical equipment, or natural and man-made disasters.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ DIGITAL PEDAGOGICAL-CREATIVE COMPETENCE IN PROBLEM-BASED TEACHING OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
This article discusses the development of digital pedagogical and creative competencies in future primary school teachers within the digital learning environment, particularly during the process of mastering pedagogical subjects such as mathematics and its teaching methodology. It analyzes the concept of digital-creative competence, its importance in the professional activity of teachers, and the role of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) in its development. Additionally, the article outlines ways to enhance students’ independent learning, creativity, and methodological thinking skills by integrating digital resources into the learning process.
Digital-creative competence, digital pedagogy, mathematics teaching methodology, future teacher, ICT, digital learning environment, independent learning, interactive methods.
INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PROPAEDEUTICS OF INTERNAL DISEASES NO. 1 OF TASHKENT STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
The article examines students' independent work as a crucial element in the training of future doctors, emphasizing its role in an individual approach to learning. SR promotes the development of key professional skills: clinical reasoning, self-study, the ability to apply knowledge in practice, and conduct scientific research. SR is divided into three main forms: educational and cognitive, scientific research, and social. The primary focus is on the educational aspect, which includes self-study, work with literature, and participation in practical classes. Students' research consists of collecting material, analyzing it, participating in scientific conferences and presentations, which develops research skills. Three levels of student preparation must be taken into account: first-year students, mid-year students, and graduates. However, effectiveness is determined not by the course itself, but by the skills formed knowledge and skills. The instructor prepares assignments, provides consultations, and motivates students for their work. Topics for the course "Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine" range from analyzing laboratory and instrumental data to studying the characteristics of disease progression.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
This article scientifically analyzes the effect of stress on the human body, in particular on the functioning of the immune system. The article discusses psychological and physiological stress factors, their mechanisms of influence on the immune response through the hormonal system. Studies show that long-term or severe stress reduces the activity of immune cells, making the body vulnerable to infectious and chronic diseases. At the same time, it is proven that maintaining a positive psychological state, managing stress, and leading a healthy lifestyle are important factors in strengthening immunity.
Stress, immune system, stress and immunity, psychological stress, physiological stress response, hormones, cortisol, adrenaline, immune response, the impact of stress on health, psychosomatics, stress management, neuroimmunology, homeostasis, lymphocytes, chronic stress, oxidative stress, psychoneuroimmunology, meditation, relaxation, stress reduction methods, physical activity.