European Journal of Pedagogical Initiatives and Educational Practices
European Journal of Pedagogical Initiatives and Educational Practices is a scholarly peer reviewed international multidisciplinary Journal. The journal implements double blind peer review for articles. The research manuscript have to pass through the plagiarism check before allotted to the reviewers. The open access journal ensure the quality of published articles. The journal includes wide range of research articles in multidisciplinary areas of Pedagogical Initiatives and Educational Practice. The original review, research, literature, short note, book reviews are welcome to publish in this journal Important information of the Journal: Frequency: 12 issues per Year International License: CC BY Acceptance Status : 1-2 weeks Publication Period : 1-2 weeks ISSN (E): 2938-3625 SJIF 2024: 5.441 Journal Abbreviation: Eur. j. pedag. initiat. educ. pract The journal covers following areas: Artificial Intelligence in Education Technology Access Gap. Integrated Learning Systems. Computer Assisted Instruction. Web-based Instruction. Virtual Learning Outcome based education Pedagogical initiatives Educational Advancements Teaching learning practices
POSSIBILITIES OF USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAINING MODERN ENGINEERS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
In this article, the development of “technological approaches” to solving the problem of preparing engineers for competitive activity in modern conditions of the education system has great theoretical and practical importance. The use of innovative technologies contributes to improving the quality of engineering education in the educational process, developing students' practical skills, and strengthening their professional training. The possibilities of using innovative educational technologies in training modern engineers are discussed
Education, competitiveness, modern, technological approach, innovative technology, preparation for professional activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE CURRENT STATE OF FORMING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE BASED ON CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
The thesis examines the current state of forming communicative competence through contemporary approaches in language education. It clarifies conceptual and methodological trends and assessment practices using analytical review and comparative synthesis. Scientific novelty lies in identifying key implementation gaps between competency-based standards and classroom realities and outlining integrative directions for method selection and evaluation.
Communicative competence, competency-based education, task-based learning, discourse, interaction, formative assessment, methodological integration.
THE CONCEPT OF DESTRUCTIVE SUBCULTURES AND THEIR MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE ON YOUTH CONSCIOUSNESS
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms through which destructive subcultures influence the consciousness of youth, particularly academic lyceum students aged 15-18, in modern society. The article substantiates the vulnerability of adolescent psychology to aggressive influences through the biological, psychological, and social characteristics of adolescence. Psychological vulnerability indicators are presented in a systematized table format. Theoretical perspectives of scholars including Erik Erikson, U. Bronfenbrenner, and A. Khudoyberdiyev are analyzed. Furthermore, the pedagogical, psychological, and social factors in forming a healthy educational environment are examined.
Destructive subcultures; adolescent psychology; academic lyceum; prefrontal cortex; emotional instability; impulsivity; identification problems; group psychology; healthy educational environment.
STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING GEOMETRIC LITERACY IN PRIMARY EDUCATION: A MULTIMODAL APPROACH THROUGH AUDIO-VISUAL MODELING
This study investigates the effectiveness of integrating auditory stimuli into early childhood mathematics to develop 3D visualization skills. Grounded in R. Mayer’s cognitive theories and P. Van Hiele’s developmental framework, the paper outlines practical mechanisms for upgrading standard visual-heavy instruction through sound-based interventions. Findings indicate that a multi-sensory environment significantly boosts spatial reasoning while minimizing mental fatigue.
Multi-sensory learning, geometric literacy, primary school, spatial visualization, auditory instruction, mental framework, ICT in education, Van Hiele levels.
MANAGING A MODERN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION
This article examines the theoretical and practical foundations of effective management in modern pre-school education organizations in Uzbekistan. The study emphasizes that pedagogical management is a system of principles, methods, organizational forms, and technological approaches aimed at increasing the efficiency of the educational process. Special attention is paid to the role of leadership, organizational culture, communication, motivation, planning, control, and staff loyalty in ensuring the sustainable development of pre-school education institutions. The article analyzes the importance of a person-centered approach, in which every member of the pedagogical team is regarded as an essential participant in the common educational mission. The legal basis of pre-school education management is also considered, particularly the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Pre-school Education and Upbringing.” The study concludes that the successful functioning of pre-school education organizations depends on competent leadership, transparent governance, effective teamwork, and the ability of managers to respond flexibly to social and economic changes while ensuring the physical, intellectual, and personal development of children. Background: In the context of modern educational reforms in Uzbekistan, the role of effective management in pre-school education has become a critical factor for institutional development. The transition to innovative management models requires a deep understanding of pedagogical management principles and their practical application. Purpose: This article aims to analyze the theoretical and practical foundations of managing modern pre-school education organizations (PEOs), focusing on the integration of person-centered approaches and the legal framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Methodology: The study employs a systemic approach to pedagogical management, viewing the educational process as a complex structure of interconnected elements. It analyzes current legislation, specifically the Law "On Pre-school Education and Upbringing," and incorporates the theories of leading specialists in educational management. Results: The author identifies key management tools: hierarchy, organizational culture, and market relations. The article outlines twelve fundamental principles of management, emphasizing loyalty to staff, transparency, and timely response to social changes. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of the Pedagogical and Supervisory Boards in the governance of state-owned PEOs. Conclusion: The study concludes that successful PEO management depends on the synergy between competent leadership and a person-centered approach. For sustainable development, leaders must adapt to changing economic conditions while ensuring the physical and intellectual well-being of children through a coordinated team effort.
Management, leadership, pedagogical management, pre-school education, motivation, planning, Uzbekistan education system, person-centered approach
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE BASED ON VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY
This article analyzes the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in the language learning process from the perspective of developing linguistic competence. VR and AR create an interactive, immersive, and context-rich environment for students, which helps effectively enhance vocabulary, speaking skills, and listening comprehension. The study examines pedagogical strategies, technological approaches, and contemporary practices.
Linguistic competence, virtual reality, augmented reality, language learning, interactive teaching, immersive education, digital pedagogy.
MODEL AND EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
This article examines the improvement of future teachers’ professional training based on an integrative approach and describes the structure and content of the developed model grounded in interdisciplinary integration and modern pedagogical technologies. The study includes experimental work, and the results were analyzed using mathematical and statistical methods, particularly the chi-square test, which confirmed the effectiveness of the integrative approach in developing professional competencies of future teachers.
Integrative approach, professional training, future teacher, pedagogical model, competencies, interdisciplinary integration, pedagogical technologies, experimental study, chi-square test, educational effectiveness.
METHODS OF PREPARING STUDENTS FOR HIGHER GRADES IN ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS LESSONS
This article examines effective methods for preparing primary school students for successful learning in higher grades through mathematics education. Particular attention is given to competency-based approaches, development of logical thinking, problem-based learning, and the use of integrative teaching methods. The study is grounded in international educational frameworks such as PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) and incorporates insights from зарубеж (foreign) pedagogical practices. It highlights the importance of developing mathematical literacy at the primary level as a foundation for advanced learning. Furthermore, the article emphasizes fostering students’ independent thinking, analytical skills, and ability to apply knowledge in real-life situations as key factors in ensuring continuity in education.
Primary education, mathematics education, mathematical literacy, competency-based approach, logical thinking, problem-based learning, integrative approach, differentiated instruction, students’ cognitive activity, preparation for higher grades, educational effectiveness, modern pedagogical technologies.
FORMING COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES IN EDUCATIONAL SESSIONS WITH VISUALLY IMPAIRED CHILDREN
This article examines the development of communication skills in educational activities with visually impaired children. The study aims to identify pedagogical strategies, adaptive methods, and inclusive educational tools that effectively develop verbal, nonverbal, and social communication skills among visually impaired students. The results of the research show that tactile-auditory integration methods, structured communication-based exercises, and peer-to-peer collaboration significantly increase the level of communication skills. Purposefully designed remedial-developmental activities based on the principles of Uzbek inclusive education provide significant improvements in communicative self-confidence, vocabulary, and interpersonal interaction among visually impaired students. Practical recommendations are offered for teachers and curriculum developers.
Communication skills, visually impaired children, inclusive education, remedial pedagogy, educational activities, adaptive methods, special needs education, Uzbekistan.
LINGUODIDACTIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR FORMING PROFESSIONAL RUSSIAN MEDICAL VOCABULARY FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
This article provides a thorough analysis of the linguodidactic possibilities for developing professional Russian language vocabulary among medical students. The aim of the study is to identify effective ways of mastering professional medical terminology in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL/RKI), to improve linguodidactic methods, and to provide practical recommendations. The research conducted a systematic analysis based on the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach, digital technologies (Zoom and Moodle platforms), morphological analysis, interactive exercises, and project-based learning. The results indicate that the use of interactive and integrated methods in forming professional vocabulary can increase students’ communicative competence by 35–45%. The article is of practical importance for higher medical educational institutions in Uzbekistan, particularly Tashkent Medical Academy and other universities with a large number of international students. It proposes adapting linguodidactic opportunities to local conditions. The research findings respond to the demands of digital transformation in modern education and professional training requirements.
Professional Russian vocabulary, linguodidactics, medical students, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), digital teaching, communicative competence, RFL (Russian as a foreign language), morphological analysis, interactive methods.
DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
It is necessary to develop scientifically based techniques, methods, and pedagogical approaches to the development of composite speech of children with speech developmental disabilities, as well as to theoretically and practically substantiate their effectiveness. A person's thinking, social communicative abilities, and success in educational activities depend, first of all, on their speech culture, the ability to logically consistently express thoughts, correctly interpret reality in terms of content, and the ability to create a compositionally complete text.
Special education, human capital, quality of education, social communicative activity, speech development, composite speech, speech defect.
METHODS FOR STRENGTHENING AND STABILIZATION OF SALINE SOILS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Saline soils are among the most problematic geomaterials for road construction in arid and semi-arid regions. This article evaluates chemical, geosynthetic, electrokinetic, and hydraulic methods of improving saline subgrades under the engineering-geological conditions typical of Uzbekistan. Laboratory tests on sulfate-bearing loam with 3.5% salinity showed that the combined use of cement, lime, and bituminous emulsion provided the best overall performance, increasing compressive strength from 0.42 MPa to 2.35 MPa, reducing swelling from 8.4% to 1.4%, and increasing the elastic modulus from 18.5 MPa to 65.2 MPa. An empirical exponential model is proposed to relate stabilized soil strength to salt concentration. Practical recommendations are given for selecting stabilization methods by salinity degree and salt type.
Saline soils; road subgrade; soil stabilization; sulfate salinity; cement stabilization; lime treatment; geosynthetics; capillary break layer; electrokinetic treatment.
METHODOLOGY FOR ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
This article provides for the implementation of laboratory and practical exercises and independent work assignments for teaching students in electrical engineering. When studying electrical engineering, it is shown that various transformations are often encountered in electrical circuits of direct and alternating current. When studying electrical engineering, it is often possible to encounter various transformations in electrical circuits of direct and alternating current. Initially, on the topic “Direct Current Circuits”, students are given the transformation (winding) method and calculations are shown using the Equivalent Transformation Method. In addition, the equivalent transformation method is also used when calculating single-phase alternating current circuits. It is shown that it is especially convenient to use this method in a complex form to solve a simple circuit with a mixed connection of elements.
Electrical engineering, mathematical skills, information, schemes, graphs, diagrams, drawing, instruments, transformers, induction machines, asynchronous machines and DC machines.
SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO FORMING READING CULTURE IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Reading culture - the sustained habit of reading coupled with the capacity for critical comprehension, aesthetic appreciation, and independent interpretive engagement - represents one of the most significant yet underexplored dimensions of primary education. While considerable scholarly attention has been directed toward reading literacy as a measurable outcome, the formation of reading culture as a dispositional orientation toward text has received comparatively less systematic theoretical treatment. This article synthesises key scientific-theoretical approaches to the cultivation of reading culture in primary school learners, drawing upon motivational, cognitive, socio-cultural, and reader-response frameworks. The study examines how phonics-based, whole-language, and balanced-literacy traditions conceptualise the emergence of genuine reading engagement beyond mere decoding proficiency
Reading culture, primary education, reading literacy, motivational theory, whole-language approach, phonics-based instruction, reader-response theory, digital reading, Uzbekistan education reform, early childhood literacy, metacognitive reading strategies, transactional theory.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADAPTATION TO THE MILITARY TRAINING PROCESS
This article examines the issue of adaptation to military activity. The adaptation process of military personnel is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the scientific definitions of the term “adaptation” is conducted.
Military activity, adaptation, cadet, adaptation process, comparative analysis.
MODERN INTERPRETATION OF FORMING A PERSON’S MORAL AND VOLITIONAL QUALITIES ON THE BASIS OF MOVEMENT GAMES
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of developing an individual’s moral and volitional qualities through movement-based games. Based on modern pedagogical approaches, the educational potential of such games is revealed, and their role in personal development is scientifically substantiated. Furthermore, the study examines the mechanisms for forming social behavior, volitional stability, and moral norms in preschool and early school-age children.
Movement-based games, moral qualities, volitional qualities, personal development, pedagogical technologies, socialization.
PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE MECHANISMS OF FORMING ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING THE TEACHING PROCESS OF THE “TARBIYA” SUBJECT
This article covers the scientific, theoretical and practical foundations of the formation of environmental knowledge, skills and attitudes in the process of teaching the subject "Education" to primary school students. The article analyzes the goals and objectives of modern environmental education, the pedagogical conditions for the formation of a responsible attitude towards nature in students, as well as the mechanisms for developing environmental awareness through the content of the subject "Education". The study developed ways to form an ecological culture in primary school students based on effective mechanisms such as an integrative approach to the educational process, interactive methods, the use of media, and the establishment of project and observation activities. The article also analyzes the pedagogical foundations of assimilating environmental knowledge in a manner appropriate to the age-related psychological characteristics of students, the motivational and cognitive components of environmental education. As a result, it is scientifically substantiated that in the modern model of the subject "Education" it is possible to improve the systematic mechanisms for the formation of environmental knowledge, and to deepen the environmental awareness of students by enriching the content and methods of education.
Primary school, educational science, ecological knowledge, ecological education, ecological culture, interactive method, cognitive approach, educational activity, ecological awareness, pedagogical mechanism.
THE CONCEPT, STRUCTURE, AND DIDACTIC FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT LEARNING
This article examines the concept, structure, and didactic features of students’ independent learning in modern educational systems. Independent learning is considered a key factor in developing students’ critical thinking, self-regulation, and lifelong learning skills. The paper analyzes the main components of independent learning, including motivation, cognitive activity, and self-assessment. Furthermore, special attention is given to the didactic conditions and methods that enhance the effectiveness of independent study. The study highlights the importance of integrating innovative teaching technologies and learner-centered approaches to foster autonomy and responsibility among students.
Independent learning, student autonomy, didactics, self-regulation, motivation, higher education, learning strategies, educational technology.
DIGITAL DIAGNOSTICS AND MONITORING IN TEACHING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: A METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING SUBJECT ACTIVITY
This article presents a methodology for digital diagnostics and monitoring of subjects' activity in inclusive education within the teaching of Information Technologies. The scientific-practical role of the concepts of data, indicator, metric, and analytics in an inclusive environment is substantiated; the subject–subject system effectiveness digital analysis model, SMART-based diagnostic framework, and information-didactic support implementation technologies are detailed. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the methodology.
Inclusive education, information technologies, digital diagnostics, monitoring, subject–subject system, SMART diagnostics, learning analytics, individualized education program, adaptive technologies.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ LITERARY ANALYSIS COMPETENCE THROUGH MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
This article examines effective methods for developing students' literary and analytical skills in a digital educational environment. It emphasizes the use of modern pedagogical and information technologies for analyzing students' independent thinking, in-depth text analysis, interactive communication, and the development of creative skills.
Digital learning, literary analysis, competence, analytical thinking, Google Books, Project Gutenberg, AI-powered text analysis.
CONTINUITY IN THE TRANSITION FROM PRESCHOOL TO PRIMARY EDUCATION: ASPECTS OF CONTENT AND OUTCOME
The transition from preschool to primary education is a crucial stage in a child’s cognitive, emotional, and social development. Ensuring continuity between educational programs and aligning the content and outcomes of learning supports the child’s successful school adaptation, personal growth, and preparation for further education. Skills and knowledge acquired in preschool should continue to develop throughout primary education.
Preschool education, primary education, continuity, content, outcomes, cognitive development, social development.
THE ROLE OF EXERCISES IN THE FORMATION OF SPEECH STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTIONS AMONG STUDENTS
The article examines the role and significance of exercises in the process of forming speech structural constructions among students. Exercises aimed at speech development contribute to the development of students’ ability to express their thoughts logically and consistently. In this regard, the correct use of grammatical and logical units is of particular importance. The article scientifically substantiates that exercises are an effective means of forming independent speech activity. Within the scope of the article, the types of exercises, their methodological features, and the mechanisms for their implementation in the educational process are discussed in detail. When exercises are organized systematically and step by step, students’ speech competence increases significantly, and the quality of foreign language education becomes stable.
Speech structural constructions, speech competence, system of exercises, speech formation, communicative approach, speech activity, oral speech, written speech, interactive exercises, pedagogical mechanisms, educational effectiveness, communicative competence.
INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS' CREATIVE ABILITIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This article analyzes the prospects for introducing innovative methods into the educational process to develop creative thinking in students. Creativity in education is of great importance in revealing a person's creative potential, forming a creative approach to complex issues, and developing innovative solutions. The article shows ways to increase students' creative abilities through the use of modern educational technologies, in particular, design thinking, problem-solving techniques, and brainstorming. National and international experience is also analyzed, highlighting the positive results of using innovative methods. The use of these methods serves as the main tool for teachers to organize an effective educational process and support students' independent thinking. The recommendations presented in the article are of practical importance for the effective introduction of innovative approaches in the education system.
Creative thinking, innovative methods, educational process, design thinking, brainstorming, problem solving, creative competence, modern educational technologies, independent thinking, national experience, international experience, pedagogical innovation.
HISTORY OF PEDAGOGICAL THOUGHT AND ISSUES OF TEACHER SKILLS IN SCHOOL PRACTICE, STUDY OF THE TOPIC OF THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS
This topic covers the formation and stages of development of the issue of teacher skills in the history of pedagogical thought. Based on the pedagogical views of Eastern and Western thinkers, the professional competence, moral qualities and role of the teacher in the educational process are analyzed. Also, the importance of pedagogical skills in school practice, its main components - pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical abilities, communication culture, professional ethics and innovative approaches are studied. The study pays special attention to ways to develop pedagogical skills and issues of increasing the effectiveness of teacher activities.
History of pedagogical thought, teacher skills, pedagogical skills, professional competence, pedagogical abilities, culture of communication, pedagogical ethics, educational process, school practice.
USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO IDENTIFY SPEAKING ERRORS IN REAL-TIME
This article explores how artificial intelligence (AI) enables real-time detection and correction of speaking errors by using advanced speech recognition, machine learning, and natural language processing technologies. It examines the principles behind automatic speech recognition (ASR), pronunciation error identification, real-time feedback mechanisms, and educational applications. By analyzing current research and practical systems, the article highlights both the opportunities and challenges of AI-driven speaking error identification, especially in language learning and communication accuracy enhancement.
AI speech recognition, real-time error detection, pronunciation analysis, automatic feedback, natural language processing, machine learning, speaking proficiency, language learning technology.
TERMINOLOGY AS THE CORE FRAMEWORK OF LINGUISTIC STUDIES
Nowadays, terminology has become a central subject of scholarly inquiry due to the rapid development of this field within linguistics. Ongoing processes such as the creation of new lexical units, semantic shifts in existing words, lexicalization phenomena, the formation of stable multiword expressions, and lexical borrowing across languages have intensified academic interest in terminological studies. Terminology is viewed not only as a subfield of linguistics but also as an interdisciplinary domain connected to sociology, cognitive science, philosophy, and related disciplines. As a scientific field, terminology examines the identification, definition, formation, and systematization of lexical units—specifically terms—associated with particular areas of knowledge across different languages. This article emphasizes the role of terminology as a fundamental component of linguistic theory and practice.
Terminology; term; lexical units; lexicology; word formation; semantic change; lexicalization; borrowing; special lexicon; interdisciplinary studies; cognitive linguistics; sociolinguistics; philosophy of language; terminological systems; linguistic development.
SELF-EDUCATION AND MORAL MATURATION IN THE WORK 'ENLIGHTENMENT' BY SAYYID BURHONIDDIN MUHAQQIQ TIRMIZI
This article analyzes the concepts of self-education and moral maturity in the work of Sayyid Burhoniddin Muhaqqiq Tirmizi "Ma'arif" from a scientific and pedagogical point of view. The study emphasizes the role of moral and spiritual values such as devotion, patience, humility, honesty and the harmony of science in the formation of professional and personal development skills in students. The article also considers didactic features, pedagogical methods and the possibility of their application in the process of modern education. The results show that the work "Enlightenment" is valued not only as a historical and mystical heritage, but also as an effective didactic source in strengthening moral and spiritual education in the education system today.
Sayyid Burhoniddin Muhaqqiq Tirmizi, Enlightenment, self-education, moral maturation, didactic work, spiritual education, harmony of science and practice.
The Model of Development of Professional and Spiritual Skills in Students on the Basis of the Work "Ma'orif" by Sayyid Burhoniddin Muhaqqiq Tirmizi
This study was devoted to the development of professional and spiritual skills of students on the basis of the work "Ma'arif" by Sayyid Burhoniddin Muhaqqiq Tirmizi. The study developed a model for the formation of students' moral maturity, inner responsibility, self-awareness and social activity along with their professional competence by combining the mystical and educational heritage with modern pedagogical approaches. This model is based on person-centered, axiological, competent, and integrative approaches and includes target, meaningful, functional, and outcome components. The ideas of devotion, honesty, patience, humility, science and unity of action in the work "enlightenment" are justified as an important source of the development of spiritual qualities necessary in the professional activity of students. The results of the research are of practical value in the effective organization of the process of spiritual and ethical education in higher educational institutions, as well as the formation of students' professional responsibility and moral awareness.
Sayyid Burhoniddin Muhaqqiq Tirmizi, Education, professional and spiritual skills, Sufi heritage, competential approach, spiritual education, higher education.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING IN EFL CONTEXTS
Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) has gained increasing recognition as an effective pedagogical approach within English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. Grounded in communicative language teaching and second language acquisition theory, TBLT emphasizes the use of meaningful tasks to promote authentic language use. This article examines the effectiveness of TBLT in EFL settings by exploring its theoretical foundations, reviewing empirical research on learner outcomes, and analyzing challenges related to implementation. Particular attention is given to its impact on communicative competence, learner motivation, and classroom interaction. The discussion also highlights the importance of contextual adaptation and pedagogical support. The article concludes that, despite certain limitations, Task-Based Language Teaching offers a flexible and future-oriented framework capable of addressing the communicative needs of EFL learners when appropriately implemented.
Task-Based Language Teaching, English as a Foreign Language, communicative competence, second language acquisition, language pedagogy.
ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA AND CLASSROOM NORMS
The global expansion of English has led to its widespread use as a lingua franca among speakers from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This development has profound implications for English language teaching, particularly in relation to classroom norms, pedagogical practices, teacher beliefs, and assessment standards. This article examines the concept of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and analyzes how it challenges traditional native-speaker-oriented norms in English language classrooms. Drawing on theoretical perspectives and empirical research, the paper discusses linguistic variation, communicative effectiveness, learner identity, and intercultural competence. It further explores the pedagogical and institutional challenges of implementing ELF-informed classroom norms and considers future directions for English language education. The article argues that recognizing English as a Lingua Franca requires a fundamental re-evaluation of established classroom norms in order to better reflect the realities of global English use.
English as a Lingua Franca; classroom norms; global English; English language teaching; communicative competence.