European Science Methodical Journal
type: channel
description: European Science Methodical Journal is a scholarly peer reviewed international multidisciplinary Journal. The journal implements double blind peer review for articles. The research manuscript have to pass through the plagiarism check before allotted to the reviewers. The open access journal ensure the quality of published articles. The journal includes wide range of research articles in multidisciplinary areas of Applied, Methodical, Therotical and Biological Sciences. The original review, research, literature, short note, book reviews are welcome to publish in this journal Important information of the Journal: Frequency: 12 issues per Year International License: CC BY Acceptance Status : 1-2 weeks Publication Period : 1-2 weeks ISSN (E): 2938-3641 SJIF 2024: 5.394 Journal Abbreviation: Eur. sci. methodical j. The scope of the journal is not limited to- Physical Sciences Biological Sciences Chemical Sciences Engineering and Technology Food Sciences Forensic Science Physical Sciences Medical Science Educational Science
publisher: European Science Publishing
language: en
publication name: European Science Methodical Journal
issn: 2938-3641
items: OBTAINING CORROSION INHIBITORS CONTAINING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS BASED ON AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
items: OBTAINING NEW ANTICORROSION COATINGS BASED ON ETHANOLAMINES
items: STUDY OF THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE DISELENIUM DICHLORIDE (Se2Cl2) MOLECULE IN THE I. R. INFRARED AREA
items: EVALUATION OF MINERAL METABOLISM IN BROILER CHICKS FED WITH CHITOSAN AND WHEY POWDER
items: NEW APPROACHES TO ENDOCRINOPATHY IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
items: PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE REPORT ON NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
items: DETERMINING STUDENTS’ PROGRAMMING ABILITY THROUGH INTERACTIVE METHODS AND TEST TECHNOLOGIES
items: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TEACHERS BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
items: THE CONCEPT OF HYPERACTIVITY. THE IMPACT OF HYPERACTIVITY IN EARLY SCHOOL AGE
items: ENHANCING WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY USING MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS: A STUDY ON DOMESTIC AND HOSPITAL SEWAGE
items: BIOSYNTHESIS OF CUO, AND ZNO NANOPARTICLES USING LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM BACTERIA FOR ANTICANCER ACTIVITY
items: BRAIN BIOCHEMISTRY: METABOLIC CHANGES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD)
items: PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGY OF TEACHING AND ITS STRUCTURE
items: METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING STUDENTS TO WORK ON SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS
items: METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING WILL MAKING QUALITIES IN ATHLETES
items: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND LINGUISTIC FOUNDATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN LIFELONG LEARNING
items: ASSESSMENT OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
items: CAUSES OF IMPAIRED CONSOLIDATION OF A TIBIAL BONE FRACTURE USING EXTRAFOCAL COMPRESSION-DISTRACTION OSTEOSYNTHESIS AND WAYS TO PREVENT THEM
items: EXPERIENCE IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSICAL FRACTURES OF THE SHIN BONES
items: THE USE OF TRIPLE PELVIC OSTEOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HIP DISLOCATION IN CHILDREN
items: RESULTS OF POSTERIOR ROTATIONAL OSTEOTOMY OF THE FEMUR IN CHILDREN
items: OPERATIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HUMERUS FRACTURES, BIOS ADVANTAGE
items: EXPERIENCE IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMMINUTED FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL END OF THE FEMUR
items: SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SHRAPNEL FRAGMENTED FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL END OF THE HUMERUS
items: INTRODUCING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO THE MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
items: CULTURAL APPROACH IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES
items: EASTERN THINKERS' VIEWS ON PERSONAL PERFORMANCE
items: GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING UZBEK VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
items: LEGAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF RESORT NATURAL AREAS IN A GREEN ECONOMY
items: METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

OBTAINING CORROSION INHIBITORS CONTAINING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS BASED ON AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
type: item
description: This study focuses on the synthesis of novel corrosion inhibitors containing nitrogen and phosphorus based on aromatic compounds. The research investigates the chemical modification of aromatic amines and phosphates, their incorporation into inhibitor formulations, and their effectiveness in protecting metal surfaces from corrosion. Electrochemical studies and immersion tests revealed that the obtained inhibitors significantly reduce the corrosion rate in aggressive environments. The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus functional groups provides synergistic effects, enhancing adsorption on metal surfaces and forming stable protective films.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aromatic compounds, Corrosion inhibitors, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Metal protection, Adsorption, Electrochemical analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Beknazarov Hasan Soyibnazarovich
creator: Ishanqulova Mehri Muratovna
creator: Ishonqulova Gulhon Tagaymurotovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 20
ending page: 23

OBTAINING NEW ANTICORROSION COATINGS BASED ON ETHANOLAMINES
type: item
description: This study focuses on the development of new anticorrosion coatings based on ethanolamines. Chemical modification of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) was performed to enhance their interaction with polymer matrices and metal surfaces. The resulting coatings exhibited excellent adhesion, improved barrier properties, and high resistance to corrosion in aggressive environments such as saline, acidic, and alkaline solutions. Electrochemical tests and salt spray experiments confirmed the effectiveness of ethanolamine-based coatings in preventing both uniform and localized corrosion. These findings demonstrate that ethanolamines are promising materials for the creation of environmentally friendly and efficient anticorrosion coatings for industrial applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethanolamines, Anticorrosion coatings, Metal protection, Polymer matrices, Corrosion resistance, Chemical modification, Salt spray test, Electrochemical impedance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Beknazarov Hasan Soyibnazarovich
creator: Ishonqulova Gulhon Tagaymurotovna
creator: Ishanqulova Mehri Muratovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 11
ending page: 18

STUDY OF THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE DISELENIUM DICHLORIDE (Se2Cl2) MOLECULE IN THE I. R. INFRARED AREA
type: item
description: The spectral and thermal properties of (Selenium-Halogen (Se2Cl2)) have been studied in this study, where the spatial geometry of the particles was studied using semi-experimental quantum programs in methdd (MNDO/PM3) via the dimensions of bonds. The basic molecule vibration frequencies, which have six basic vibration frequencies ranging from (69.34 - 456.01) cm-1 in the chair-form state, were also measured. The power is equal to (E.A = 2.047253eV), (Eg = 1.655715eV) and the distance quantity was determined to measure electronic affinity (E.A). The energy levels were then represented by two-dimensional ( 2D) and three-dimensional ( 3D) diagrams, and the total particle charge density and electrostatic voltage were determined using the HYPERCHEM software for most of the previous readings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spectral, Selenium, Halogen, HYPERCHEM 6, MNDO / pm3, molecular orbitals.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadeer Mohammed Farhan
creator: Ahmed Mohammed Farhan
creator: Dakhil A. Abdzaid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

EVALUATION OF MINERAL METABOLISM IN BROILER CHICKS FED WITH CHITOSAN AND WHEY POWDER
type: item
description: Great attention is paid to the development of poultry farming in our republic. Today, as in all countries, the development of poultry farming is considered an important factor in ensuring food security, and the industry plays an invaluable role in providing the population with poultry meat and egg products rich in protein and vitamins. The dry and warm climate of Uzbekistan is favorable for keeping and raising poultry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chitosan, chitin, whey powder, calcium, phosphorus, broiler, poultry.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhmonov Farkhod Kholbayevich
creator: Eshimov Dusmurat
creator: Nuriddinova Mukhlisa Isomiddin qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 24
ending page: 27

NEW APPROACHES TO ENDOCRINOPATHY IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
type: item
description: Epidemiologic data from observational studies and clinical trials provide substantial evidence of significant overlap between metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Recognizing this complex relationship, the American Heart Association (AHA) recently introduced the concept of a combined disease known as cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome (CKM), emphasizing the close association and interaction between these areas of health. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current state of play regarding the newly defined CKM syndrome. This includes an examination of the epidemiologic and experimental data establishing links between cardio-metabolic diseases, an exploration of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and a comprehensive review of existing treatments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CKM; Cardiovascular metabolic syndrome; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; American Heart Association (AHA); Hepatoprotector; Gossypol derivative.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirzaeva A. Kh.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
starting page: 15
ending page: 23

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE REPORT ON NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
type: item
description: The process of launching a new product on the market is called new product development. The application of this can be made to develop an entirely new product, enhance an existing one to maintain its attractiveness and competitiveness or introduce an old product to a new market. (Online, 2023).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ozodbekova Azizakhon Pulatjon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-20
publication date: 2025-10-20
starting page: 10
ending page: 14

DETERMINING STUDENTS’ PROGRAMMING ABILITY THROUGH INTERACTIVE METHODS AND TEST TECHNOLOGIES
type: item
description: The study focuses on exploring the effective ways of determining students’ programming abilities through interactive methods and modern test technologies. The research highlights the increasing importance of formative and summative assessment tools in the process of developing programming skills, especially within digital learning environments. The study analyzes the integration of interactivity in programming education, emphasizing the potential of gamification, online coding simulators, adaptive testing systems, and interactive problem-solving platforms in evaluating learners’ competencies. Interactive methods, such as peer programming, project-based assessment, and real-time feedback mechanisms, allow for more objective and dynamic measurement of students’ cognitive and practical skills. The use of test technologies, including automated code evaluation systems and online assessment software, enhances the efficiency, reliability, and fairness of evaluation processes. The research also explores how adaptive tests and interactive environments can cater to individual differences among students, helping educators identify not only the level of knowledge but also gaps in logical thinking, problem-solving strategies, and algorithmic reasoning. This approach contributes to the creation of a student-centered learning environment that motivates learners, increases engagement, and supports continuous improvement of programming competence. The findings underline that a balanced combination of interactive teaching strategies and technological testing tools allows educators to better understand students’ potential and to design personalized learning trajectories.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Interactive methods, test technologies, programming ability, coding assessment, digital learning, adaptive testing, peer programming, formative evaluation, algorithmic thinking, project-based learning.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-10
publication date: 2025-10-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TEACHERS BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
type: item
description: This article analyzes the theoretical foundations for improving the professional competence of vocational education teachers based on digital technologies. Today, digital transformation significantly influences teachers' preparation and professional development in vocational education. Therefore, the effective use of digital technologies, the development of innovative thinking, and the enhancement of methodological training are of great importance. The article provides a scientific overview of professional competence, the role of digital technologies in education, and the development of the teacher's personality through pedagogical mechanisms. These findings contribute to the improvement of the vocational education system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Digital technologies, vocational education, professional competence, innovation, digital literacy, pedagogical mechanisms, methodological training, educational process, digital transformation, innovative thinking
creator: Daminova Yulduz Salimovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 4

THE CONCEPT OF HYPERACTIVITY. THE IMPACT OF HYPERACTIVITY IN EARLY SCHOOL AGE
type: item
description: This article examines the symptoms of hyperactivity, its causes, and the positive and negative effects it has on children of primary school age. Recommendations are given on how to approach hyperactive children by teachers and parents. It is also emphasized that by using pedagogical strategies when working with hyperactive children, their energy can be directed in a positive direction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Children, emotional intelligence, hyperactivity, characteristics, education, behavior, methods, educator, cognitive development, emotional health, interpersonal conflicts, inner strength.
  topic: keywords
creator: Umrzaqova Gulchexra Abdurasuljon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 68
ending page: 71

ENHANCING WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY USING MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS: A STUDY ON DOMESTIC AND HOSPITAL SEWAGE
type: item
description: This study evaluates the efficiency of microbial fuel cells in treating domestic and hospital wastewater, focusing on pollutant removal, bioelectricity production, and microbial communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microbial fuel cells, wastewater treatment, bioelectricity, pollutant removal, IMViC profiling.
  topic: keywords
creator: Bilal A. Alarabi
creator: Rand Salwan Numan
creator: Hiba Hamad Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 14

BIOSYNTHESIS OF CUO, AND ZNO NANOPARTICLES USING LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM BACTERIA FOR ANTICANCER ACTIVITY
type: item
description: Biosynthesis of copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles by sustainable and environmentally friendly procedure using Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria as a reducing and capping agents. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. XRD results demonstrated that the synthesized CuO crystals possessed a tenorite monoclinic phase with an average crystallite dimension of 24.78 nm, while ZnO formed hexagonal wurtzite crystals of 27.41 nm length. SEM analysis showed that CuO nanoparticles existed as quasi-spherical shapes while ZnO nanoparticles displayed hexagonal rod-like structures that matched their crystal arrangements. The EDS analysis showed both nanoparticles contained high-purity elements while they harbored only minimal bacterial remnants. The MTT assay was utilized to evaluate the anticancer activity of CuO/ ZnO nanoparticles against K562 erythroleukemic cells with normal human fetal fibroblast (HFF) cells serving as controls. The biosynthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles showed potential cancer therapy options for erythroleukemic conditions where CuO nanoparticles proved superior anticancer efficacy compared to ZnO nanoparticles. The CuO nanoparticles exhibited good cytotoxicity against cancer K562 cells with an IC50 value of 135.46 μg/ml, whereas, ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a moderate activity showing an IC50 of 438.23μg/ml. Notably, CuO/ZnO nanoparticles displayed selective cytotoxicity against cancer K562 cells and minimal cytotoxicity against normal HFF cells, where the viability rates stayed above 65% even when high concentrations were applied. This selective targeting ability is credited to the variability in the functionality of a membrane, metabolic rates, and antioxidant defense mechanisms between cancer and normal cells, plus the formation of protein layers of corona on the surface of the nanoparticle.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biosynthesis, nanoparticles, crystallite, cytotoxicity, anticancer.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jawad N. K. Makassees
creator: Ali A. Fayyadh
creator: Ali K. Hattab
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 52
ending page: 67

BRAIN BIOCHEMISTRY: METABOLIC CHANGES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD)
type: item
description: Alzheimer’s Disease is defined by progressive brain impairment and the presence of multiple molecular abnormalities. We aim to investigate the metabolic changes that occur in both brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 30 individuals with AD and 30 healthy individuals of comparable age. We analyzed important indicators of glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter balance through a combination of immunohistochemistry, biochemical methods and metabolomics. Reduced expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 by 43.2% and 39.6% and a 47.5% decrease in ATP production suggest impaired energy metabolism. The increases in lactate and its ratio to pyruvate indicated that AD brain tissue leaned toward reliance on anaerobic glycolysis. Complex I and Complex IV mitochondrial enzymes showed diminished activity, whereas the level of oxidative stress indicators MDA and 8-OHdG was higher. Our investigation found higher glutamate but lower concentrations of GABA, dopamine, and acetylcholine in the brain. A systematic assessment of metabolites revealed alterations in pathways critical to neuronal function and mitochondrial health. These findings demonstrate that abnormal metabolism is a key contributor to AD development and encourage the use of metabolic markers for earlier diagnosis and possible treatments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Alzheimer’s Disease, Brain Biochemistry, Metabolic Dysfunction, Glucose Metabolism, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Neurotransmitters, CSF Biomarkers, ¹H-NMR, Metabolomics, Cognitive Decline.
creator: Abdulkadhim Kareem Abbood Zerjawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 39
ending page: 51

PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGY OF TEACHING AND ITS STRUCTURE
type: item
description: This article analyzes modern pedagogical technologies of education, their essence and structural components. The main principles, stages and practical aspects of pedagogical technology for achieving efficiency in the educational process are highlighted. Special attention is also paid to the stages of design, implementation and monitoring of educational technology. The author reveals the possibilities of forming independent thinking, creative approach and practical skills in students through the use of modern technologies. The conclusion substantiates the positive impact of pedagogical technology on the quality of education, its role in the systematic and effective organization of teacher and student activities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education, technology, structure, social type, global task, principle, position, modern scientific technology, variability, pedagogical technology, educational process, didactic technology.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamroyeva Xolida Rizaqul qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-25
publication date: 2025-07-25
starting page: 34
ending page: 38

METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING STUDENTS TO WORK ON SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS
type: item
description: This article discusses the methodology of teaching students to work with scientific concepts. It explores the definition of scientific concepts, their role in the field of pedagogy, and highlights the main aspects of the methodology for developing students’ understanding of such concepts. The paper also presents exercises aimed at enhancing students’ engagement with and comprehension of scientific terminology.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Scientific concept, education, upbringing, didactics, innovative teaching methods
  topic: keywords
creator: S. N. Yuldashev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-25
publication date: 2025-07-25
starting page: 30
ending page: 33

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING WILL MAKING QUALITIES IN ATHLETES
type: item
description: This article provides a scientific analysis of the methods for forming and developing volitional qualities in athletes, as well as the coach's methodological activities and educational-psychological approaches in this process. Additionally, effective methods and exercises aimed at increasing athletes' patience, determination, and self-control abilities are highlighted.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Athlete, willpower, volitional qualities, coach, psychological preparation, motivation, pedagogical methodology.
  topic: keywords
creator: O. O. Suyunov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-25
publication date: 2025-07-25
starting page: 26
ending page: 29

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND LINGUISTIC FOUNDATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN LIFELONG LEARNING
type: item
description: This article thoroughly examines the psychological and linguistic foundations of teaching foreign languages within the lifelong learning system. It analyzes psycholinguistic approaches, motivation, age-related factors, cognitive strategies, and language competence development. Emphasis is placed on the interrelation between educational stages and language acquisition efficiency. The article concludes with practical recommendations to improve language teaching methodology across the continuum of education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Lifelong learning, foreign language teaching, psycholinguistics, motivation, age factor, cognitive strategies, language competence, communicative approach, linguistic foundations, educational psychology.
creator: Ne'matillayeva Mohlaroy Uluģbek qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 22
ending page: 25

ASSESSMENT OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
type: item
description: Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease frequently involving renal complications, most notably lupus nephritis. Early detection and monitoring of renal involvement are critical for effective disease management. Therefore, the current study designed to evaluate a biochemical (urea, creatinine, uric acid) and immunological (anti-dsDNA, PR3-ANCA) markers in SLE patients to evaluate their potential as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of renal dysfunction. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 68 participants (33 males, 35 females), divided into patient and healthy control groups. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and PR3-ANCA were measured using standardized assays. Statistical comparisons were made using unpaired t-tests with a significance threshold of p < 0.01. Results: SLE patients showed significantly elevated levels of urea (101.1 ± 6.6 vs. 35.4 ± 1.2 mg/dL), creatinine (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/dL), and uric acid (6.9 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL) compared to controls (all p < 0.0001). Similarly, anti-dsDNA (45 ± 6.9 vs. 12.9 ± 1.8 IU/mL) and PR3-ANCA (2.6 ± 0.8 vs. 0.5 ± 0.3 IU/mL) levels were significantly higher in patients, indicating heightened autoimmune and vasculitis activity. Conclusion: The concurrent elevation of renal and immunological markers suggests that kidney dysfunction in SLE patients is closely linked to underlying autoimmune mechanisms. Anti-dsDNA and PR3-ANCA may serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring renal involvement in SLE.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: SLE, Nephritis, dsDNA, RFTs, PR3-ANCA.
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Nayyef Oudah
creator: Malaa M. Taki
creator: Aymen Radhi Habeeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-17
publication date: 2025-07-17
starting page: 12
ending page: 21

CAUSES OF IMPAIRED CONSOLIDATION OF A TIBIAL BONE FRACTURE USING EXTRAFOCAL COMPRESSION-DISTRACTION OSTEOSYNTHESIS AND WAYS TO PREVENT THEM
type: item
description: The article presents the results of treatment of 540 patients with fractures of the tibia bones using compression-distraction osteosynthesis according to Ilizarov. Patients are divided into two groups. The first group included 486 patients, they underwent simultaneous manual reduction of fragments and fixation with the Ilizarov apparatus of 4 rings. The fragments remaining after displacement were gradually compared in the device. 80% of cases of fracture fusion occurred at term, and 20% of patients had weak consolidation, fracture nonunion and false joints. The second group consisted of 54 patients. He performed a complete reposition of the fragments under the control of the image intensifier tube and fixed in the Ilizarov apparatus of 4 rings. In the treatment of the second group of patients, special attention is paid to the complete comparison of bone fragments and their rigid fixation in the device. In all patients of the second group, the fracture healed on time, except for one, who had concomitant diseases - obesity of the III degree and diabetes mellitus. Positive results were obtained in patients of the second group, where complete reduction and rigid fixation of fragments were immediately performed until the fracture healed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fracture of the tibia bones, compression-distraction osteosynthesis, weak consolidation, nonunion of the false joint.
  topic: keywords
creator: Эранов Нурали Файзиевич
creator: Эранов Шерзод Нуралиевич
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 8
ending page: 11

EXPERIENCE IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSICAL FRACTURES OF THE SHIN BONES
type: item
description: The results of blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis (BIOS) in 50 patients with fractures of the distal and diaphysis of the tibia are presented. Blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis is a reliable and predictable method for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia, which allows the restoration of limb function in the shortest possible time in most patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blocking intramedullary osteosynthesis, tibia, implant.
  topic: keywords
creator: Eranov Sherzod Nuraliyevich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 4
ending page: 7

THE USE OF TRIPLE PELVIC OSTEOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HIP DISLOCATION IN CHILDREN
type: item
description: The article presents an analysis of the results of treatment of 18 patients (22 joints) treated for residual hip dysplasia. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 14 years. Among the patients there were 6 boys and 12 girls. The examination of the patients was carried out using clinical, radiological and computed tomography methods with the construction of a three-dimensional model of the hip joint. satisfactory and unsatisfactory. Excellent treatment results were obtained in 4 patients. Good results were noted in 10 patients. Satisfactory results were noted in 4 patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Triple osteotomy, dysplasia, hip joint, coxarthrosis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Эранов Шерзод Нуралиевич
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Эранов Шерзод Нуралиевич https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 3

RESULTS OF POSTERIOR ROTATIONAL OSTEOTOMY OF THE FEMUR IN CHILDREN
type: item
description: Rotational femoral osteotomies are rarely used in the treatment of hip pathology. Rotational osteotomies allow you to change the spatial position of the head and neck of the femur in three planes; with their help, it is possible to restore normal relationships in the hip joint and congruence of the articular surfaces, and remove the deformed or destroyed sector of the femoral head from stress.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ashirov Mavlon Umirzakovich
creator: Ishkabulov Rustam Dzhankhurazovich
creator: Muradova Aziza Utkir kizi
creator: Ashirov Farrukhbek Azamat Ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 97
ending page: 101

OPERATIVE TREATMENT METHODS FOR HUMERUS FRACTURES, BIOS ADVANTAGE
type: item
description: Humerus fractures are a common orthopedic injury that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Various operative treatment methods are available to address these fractures, with the choice of approach often influenced by factors such as fracture type, patient characteristics, and surgeon preference. This article focuses on the operative treatment methods for humerus fractures, with a specific emphasis on the use of biodegradable intramedullary nails (BIOS) as a preferred treatment option. Considerations for selecting BIOS as a treatment method, including patient outcomes, complication rates, and surgical techniques, are discussed. Overall, this article provides insights into the role of BIOS in the operative management of humerus fractures and offers guidance for clinicians in selecting appropriate treatment methods based on individual patient needs and preferences.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Humerus fractures, operative treatment methods, biodegradable intramedullary nails (BIOS), BIOS preference, orthopedic surgery, fracture management
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashirov Mavlon Umirzakovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 92
ending page: 96

EXPERIENCE IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMMINUTED FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL END OF THE FEMUR
type: item
description: Background: According to different authors, the frequency of fractures of the distal femur ranges from 6 to 25% of all femoral fractures. The most severe of them are intercondylar and supracondylar fractures, which account for up to 42% of all hip fractures, among which type C fractures account for up to 50%. the nature and severity of the fracture. In recent decades, there has been an increase in injuries in general and in particular due to medical disasters. Since these fractures often occur at working age, and the share of this population in the population is increasing. The aim of the study was to improve the results of treatment of patients with comminuted fractures of the distal end of the femur using the plate with the Liss system. Material and methods of research: in the period from 2018 to 2021, 69 patients aged 20 to 60 years with comminuted fractures of the distal end of the femur were under our observation. Distribution of patients by age: 20-25 years old – 15 patients (21.7%), 26-45 years old – 35 patients (50.7%) and 46-60 years old – 19 patients (27.6%). By gender: men – 51 (73.9%), women – 18 (26.1%). Conclusions: the analyses showed that in patients of groups 1-2, therapeutic measures and restoration of patients' ability to work lasted a long time. In the 3rd group of patients (34 patients) the time of therapeutic measures decreased, the patients' ability to work was restored within 3-4 months and there were no complications after surgery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Femur, screw, skeletal traction, Liss plate.
  topic: keywords
creator: Эранов Нурали Файзиевич
creator: Давиров Каюм Шарофович
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 87
ending page: 91

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SHRAPNEL FRAGMENTED FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL END OF THE HUMERUS
type: item
description: The article presents operative methods of treatment of patients with fragmented fractures of the distal end of the humerus in 79 patients. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the method of surgical treatment. The results of treatment of surgical methods of all three groups were studied and conclusions were made.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fragmented fracture, contracture, ankylosis, osteoporosis, osteotomy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Эранов Нурали Файзиевич
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 85
ending page: 86

INTRODUCING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO THE MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
type: item
description: The most important step in the modern era is the distribution and management of electricity using artificial intelligence, particularly energy generated from renewable energy sources. This ensures the sustainability of energy sources and thus improves the efficiency of electrical grids. There are many challenges facing the renewable energy sector, resulting from fluctuations in production, climate disturbances, and imbalances in supply and demand. Artificial intelligence can help solve these challenges. Using machine learning techniques, environmental forecasting, and efficient management of these resources can improve the accuracy of forecasting production levels from solar and wind energy. Smart grids are among the most prominent applications in this field because they represent a model for artificial intelligence applications, which rely on improving energy distribution among consumers based on their actual needs, thus increasing efficiency and reducing losses. It can also optimize storage systems by determining optimal charging and discharging times for stored energy, reducing the need for massive infrastructure investments. The need for advanced security solutions has emerged due to the presence of security threats related to cyberattacks on smart grids. However, related challenges include high investment costs and the need for accurate and reliable data from various operating environments. However, the future is moving toward integrating artificial intelligence into renewable energy management. This will be the ideal solution for addressing issues of improving energy production and storage, thereby enhancing grid efficiency and making them more flexible, meeting energy needs, and achieving global sustainability and clean energy goals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Renewable Energy, Energy Management, Energy Sustainability, Smart Grid Security.
  topic: keywords
creator: Basim Jabbar Majeed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
starting page: 72
ending page: 84

CULTURAL APPROACH IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES
type: item
description: Teachers focus on students’ professional acquisition of different languages at the university. The article describes the process of foreign language acquisition in non-linguistic classes. The main idea in this process is to develop students' ability to speak languages of different cultures in the direction of their future professions, taking into account the intercultural approach. It is important to connect a professional approach to education with cultural background. It should be closely related to the bright components of culture: stereotypes, clothing, eating habits, behavior, etc. Students want to learn how to become aware of specific strategies for intercultural communication. We live in a colorful world and relationships with representatives of other cultures are very important. Culture affects both verbal and non-verbal communication. Learning a foreign language in the cultural center is of particular importance. Cultural immersion helps students effectively understand professional, business, and academic issues and successfully communicate with foreign colleagues. They also try to understand business issues from a cultural perspective and present themselves as equal partners in global processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Culturology, linguoculturology, culturological approach, foreign language, acculturation, problem situation, sociocultural approach, communicative-ethnography, content analysis, comparative studies.
  topic: keywords
creator: Kodirov Umut Ruziboyovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 63
ending page: 71

EASTERN THINKERS' VIEWS ON PERSONAL PERFORMANCE
type: item
description: This article is widely covered by the opinions of oriental thinkers about the status of oriental examinations and the Eastern thinkers about the personality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education, pedagogy, enlightenment, religion, generosity, honesty.
  topic: keywords
creator: Choriyeva Feruza Amrullayevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 59
ending page: 62

GAMIFICATION TECHNIQUES IN TEACHING UZBEK VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
type: item
description: This article explores the application of gamification techniques in teaching Uzbek vocabulary and grammar, emphasizing their pedagogical potential in enhancing language acquisition. Gamification involves the use of game design elements in non-game contexts to improve learner engagement, motivation, and outcomes. In the context of Uzbek language instruction, particularly among foreign learners and university students in Uzbekistan, gamified learning environments offer innovative pathways to address traditional challenges in vocabulary retention and grammatical understanding. This study investigates both digital and classroom-based gamification strategies, analyzing their effects on learner performance, motivation, and long-term linguistic competence. Drawing upon relevant theoretical frameworks and practical implementations, the paper aims to provide a systematic evaluation of gamification’s role in modernizing Uzbek language education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uzbek language, gamification, language learning, vocabulary acquisition, grammar instruction, educational technology, motivation, engagement, philological education, higher education.
  topic: keywords
creator: Salisheva Zilola Ismailovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 53
ending page: 58

LEGAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF RESORT NATURAL AREAS IN A GREEN ECONOMY
type: item
description: This article examines the potential of applying the green economy concept to promote regional development in the resort natural areas of Uzbekistan. It highlights how the integration of green technologies can contribute to maintaining ecological balance, developing sustainable infrastructure, and ensuring the efficient use of natural resources. The paper also analyzes the current legal and regulatory framework governing resort territories and identifies key areas for its improvement. Based on international practices and national priorities, the article provides recommendations aimed at enhancing environmental sustainability and supporting long-term socio-economic growth in these ecologically sensitive regions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Resort natural areas, green economy, sustainable development, natural resources, environmental safety, eco-tourism.
  topic: keywords
creator: Alloberdiyeva Durdona Oktamjon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 50
ending page: 52

METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
type: item
description: This article explores the methods of implementing interdisciplinary integration of mathematical sciences within higher education institutions, with a focus on economics-oriented universities in Uzbekistan. In the context of educational modernization and digital transformation, there is an increasing demand for integrating mathematics with other academic disciplines to enhance the practical relevance of knowledge. The study discusses strategies that connect mathematical concepts with economic modeling, data analysis, finance, and management subjects, thereby promoting holistic thinking and applied learning. Drawing on both theoretical insights and practical experiences, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of curriculum alignment, collaborative teaching, and digital platforms in fostering interdisciplinary competencies. The article aims to contribute to the development of an integrated educational model that responds to contemporary labor market needs and supports innovation in teaching practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Interdisciplinary integration, mathematical sciences, higher education, economics education, curriculum design, applied mathematics, Uzbekistan, educational innovation, digital transformation, competency-based learning.
creator: Xakim Murtazaqulovich Xudoyberdiyev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-06-20
publication date: 2025-06-20
starting page: 44
ending page: 49