European Science Methodical Journal
type: channel
description: European Science Methodical Journal is a scholarly peer reviewed international multidisciplinary Journal. The journal implements double blind peer review for articles. The research manuscript have to pass through the plagiarism check before allotted to the reviewers. The open access journal ensure the quality of published articles. The journal includes wide range of research articles in multidisciplinary areas of Applied, Methodical, Therotical and Biological Sciences. The original review, research, literature, short note, book reviews are welcome to publish in this journal Important information of the Journal: Frequency: 12 issues per Year International License: CC BY Acceptance Status : 1-2 weeks Publication Period : 1-2 weeks ISSN (E): 2938-3641 SJIF 2024: 5.394 Journal Abbreviation: Eur. sci. methodical j. The scope of the journal is not limited to- Physical Sciences Biological Sciences Chemical Sciences Engineering and Technology Food Sciences Forensic Science Physical Sciences Medical Science Educational Science
publisher: European Science Publishing
language: en
publication name: European Science Methodical Journal
issn: 2938-3641
items: ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF THE MOLECULAR WEIHT OF AMINOACYLASE-1 FROM THE SERUM OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND ITS KINETICS STUDIED BY GEL FILTRATON CHROMATOGRAPHY
items: INTEGRATED MINERAL AND BIOSTIMULANT NUTRITION ENHANCES BASIL PRODUCTIVITY AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION UNDER SEMI-ARID FIELD CONDITIONS IN IRAQ
items: DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF ROSE BENGAL TEST, IGM/IGG ELISA, AND IS711-PCR FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: ATMOSPHERIC DRAG FORCE’S IMPACT ON LOW EARTH ORBITAL SATELLITE COMPONENTS DURING LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY
items: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON AMEBIASIS IN THE DISTRICT OF HAWIJA IN KIRKUK
items: TYPES, FORMS, TIME NORMS OF PRODUCTION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
items: DETECTION OF THE PVL GENE AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS WITH SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY
items: STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ISILIN AND PELANGES ON LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION ENZYMES AND DETERMINATION OF THE NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL)
items: DETERMINATION OF ACARICIDE RESIDUES IN CHICKEN MEAT AND EGGS AFTER ACARICIDE APPLICATION
items: ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MOBILIZING RESOURCES AND STRENGTHENING STAKEHOLDER CONNECTIONS
items: THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY AND STIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
items: DIDACTIC OPPORTUNITIES OF GAMIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING DIGITAL LITERACY IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
items: ORGANIZM
items: NEUROENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC BIOMARKERS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: ASSOCIATION OF KISSPEPTIN, ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE, AND ADIPOKINES WITH HORMONAL DYSREGULATION
items: MICROBIOTA AND HUMAN HEALTH: BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL IMPACT
items: APOPTOSIS AND CELL PROLIFERATION: THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES
items: METABOLIC HEALTH AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN IRAQI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
items: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN EFL WRITING: IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING METHODOLOGY
items: CHARACTERIZATION OF QUANTUM EFFICIENCY AND OPTICAL ABSORPTION OF NANOMATERIAL DRUG CARRIERS UNDER LASER EFFECT: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL INSIGHTS
items: METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING LOGICAL AND CREATIVE ABILITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON THE ADDIE MODEL
items: INTERACTIVE METHODS IN TEACHING ENGLISH: DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
items: OPTIMIZATION AND ROUTING OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CNS TUMORS
items: LITERATURE REVIEW ON CNS TUMORS
items: HIGH GRADE GLIOMA
items: THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE ECCENTRIC-TYPE EXPERIMENTAL VACUUM VALVE DESIGN
items: OBTAINING CORROSION INHIBITORS CONTAINING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS BASED ON AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
items: OBTAINING NEW ANTICORROSION COATINGS BASED ON ETHANOLAMINES
items: STUDY OF THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE DISELENIUM DICHLORIDE (Se2Cl2) MOLECULE IN THE I. R. INFRARED AREA
items: EVALUATION OF MINERAL METABOLISM IN BROILER CHICKS FED WITH CHITOSAN AND WHEY POWDER
items: NEW APPROACHES TO ENDOCRINOPATHY IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF THE MOLECULAR WEIHT OF AMINOACYLASE-1 FROM THE SERUM OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND ITS KINETICS STUDIED BY GEL FILTRATON CHROMATOGRAPHY
type: item
description: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary liver cancers in the world. Early diagnosis of HCC is difficult because symptoms often don't appear until the tumor has spread and reached an advanced stage. Aminoacylase-1 (ACY1) is an enzyme belonging to the zinc-containing aminoacylase family. ACY1 is expressed in the liver, brain, kidneys, and some other tissues. ACY1 deficiency causes rare metabolic disorders that increase the excretion of N-acetylated amino acids in the urine. ACY1 is closely associated with HCC due to its active role in regulating metabolism and its influence on the growth and spread of cancer cells. ACY1 and its analogs are used as a biomarker for detecting tumors in cancerous tissues, as a potential therapeutic target, and as an inhibitor that prevents growth and spread in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aminoacylase-1 enzyme was purified from the serum of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Ammonium sulfate (65%) was used for precipitation. Dialysis was performed to remove residual salts. The enzyme was isolated by ion exchange and gel filtration methods. A single isoform of the enzyme was obtained with a specific activity (94.36 U/mg) four times that of crude serum. The molecular weight of ACY1 was estimated by gel filtration and electrophoresis and was approximately (45000 Daltons). The kinetics and optimal conditions for the ACY1 enzyme were studied. The optimal substrate concentration was (7.5 mM), the value (Km=2.5 mM), the maximum velocity (Vmax=0.084 U/mL), the value (pH=7.5), the incubation period was (25 minutes), and the temperature was (37C°).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aminoacylase-1; Electrophoresis; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Kinetic study; Ion exchange; Optimum conditions; Purification; Risk factors.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Rahman Nama
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-29
publication date: 2026-05-29
starting page: 58
ending page: 71

INTEGRATED MINERAL AND BIOSTIMULANT NUTRITION ENHANCES BASIL PRODUCTIVITY AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION UNDER SEMI-ARID FIELD CONDITIONS IN IRAQ
type: item
description: Background: Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most commercially valuable aromatic herbs in the world, but in Iraq the farm-level performance of the crop is regularly underperforming compared to what has been demonstrated by experimental plots to be possible in the country - a shortcoming that suggests that evidence-based guidelines on fertilisation should be developed to suit the local climate. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether NPK compound fertiliser (20:20:20) or humic acid, or the combination of the two, would have any significant effect on the vegetative development, leaf colour, herb yield and essential oil production of basil grown in semi-arid conditions in central Iraq. Methods: There were eight interventions in a randomised complete block design (three replicates), comprising unfertilised control, three NPK rates (50-150 kg ha -1), two foliar humic acid concentrations (1.5 and 3 g L -1) and two NPK-humic acid combinations. Measurements were made at the pre flowering stage. Findings: NPK alone at 100 kg ha -1 and humic acid alone at 3 g L -1 (T8) always performed better than others. There was a more than 2-fold increase in fresh aerial weight as compared to the control, an overall chlorophyll of 3.05 mg g -1 FW, and essential oil yield of 47.3 L ha -1. Profiling GC-MS revealed an increase in linalool of 41.3 in the control to 48.3 in T8 - an increase that boosts commercial oil value. Conclusion: It was found that combining moderate NPK with foliar humic acid was more effective than either treatment and the combination is suggested as a viable solution to fertilisation of basil growers in Salah al-Din and other semi-arid governorates in Iraq.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ocimum basilicum; NPK fertilizer; humic acid; biostimulant; chlorophyll; essential oil; linalool; semi-arid agronomy; terpene biosynthesis; nutrient use efficiency.
  topic: keywords
creator: Olfat Raouf mahmoud
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 58
ending page: 71

DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF ROSE BENGAL TEST, IGM/IGG ELISA, AND IS711-PCR FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN BRUCELLOSIS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: Background: Human brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease with non-specific clinical manifestations that affect laboratory diagnosis. Reliable serological and molecular methods are needed to detect the disease. In this study, we assessed the performance of the Rose Bengal test (RBT), anti-Brucella IgM/IgG ELISA, and IS711-based PCR for the detection of human brucellosis. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study, we investigated 101 clinically suspected patients. We collected blood samples and divided them into serological and molecular samples. Our sample was initially tested with Rose Bengal and IgM/IgG ELISA, and DNA extracted from EDTA whole blood samples was then subjected to conventional PCR targeting the Brucella melitensis IS711 insertion sequence, producing a 585 bp amplicon. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square test and ROC curve to assess diagnostic performance. Results: Rose Bengal test was the most positive (44.5%), followed by ELISA IgG (37.6%), ELISA IgM (28.7%), and PCR confirmed 23.8% of cases. The diagnostic methods had significant differences (p < 0.05). For PCR, AUC = 0.92 (ROC) and diagnosis was determined by sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 95%. ELISA IgM showed moderate success (AUC = 0.78), followed by ELISA IgG (AUC = 0.63), and the Rose Bengal test showed the lowest accuracy (AUC = 0.52). Conclusion: IS711-PCR was significantly more accurate for human brucellosis, while the Rose Bengal and ELISA methods are good for rapid screening. Diagnostic reliability can be improved by serological tests paired with PCR.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Brucellosis, Rose Bengal test, ELISA, PCR, IS711, Diagnostic accuracy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Adnan Mahmood
creator: Luma Safi Abd
creator: Abdullah Musaa Kadhim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 46
ending page: 57

ATMOSPHERIC DRAG FORCE’S IMPACT ON LOW EARTH ORBITAL SATELLITE COMPONENTS DURING LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY
type: item
description: Background: Atmospheric drag remains the dominant non-gravitational disturbance for satellites in low Earth orbit, even during solar-minimum conditions. Aim: This paper investigates how low solar activity affects orbital evolution and component-level loading for a representative LEO satellite. Methodology: A 100-kg spacecraft in a 6700 km semi-major-axis, e_0=0.020, i_0=120^∘orbit was propagated under NRLMSISE-00 densities with F_10.7=70sfu. Eight cases with different right ascensions of the ascending node for 25–30 h, and component-wise drag contributions were estimated. Results: Semi-major axis decreased by 30–37 km per day, yielding lifetimes of 5.7–8.4 days from ~320 km altitude. Changes in RAAN altered decay rate by ~50%. Solar arrays accounted for ~53% of drag force and ~87% of aerodynamic torque. Conclusion: Even under low solar activity, RAAN selection, area-to-mass ratio, and deployable geometry critically govern lifetime, station-keeping demand, and attitude-control requirements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Low Earth orbit, atmospheric drag, low solar activity, thermospheric density, RAAN sensitivity, satellite lifetime, solar arrays.
  topic: keywords
creator: Heba Abdulla Attya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 18
ending page: 36

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON AMEBIASIS IN THE DISTRICT OF HAWIJA IN KIRKUK
type: item
description: Entamoeba histolytica is a common parasite worldwide, particularly in Iraq. This statistical study adds new findings confirming human infection with this parasite and its role in causing gastrointestinal disorders. The study was conducted in Kirkuk, Hawija District, at the Hawija General Hospital laboratory, on 120 samples randomly collected between February 2024 and February 2026. Direct examination of stool samples revealed that the cause of diarrhea was Entamoeba histolytica infection. Microscopic examination using wet swabs and flotation/sedimentation methods was performed to detect larval and cystic stages. The study also revealed the infection rates between males and females, with males showing a higher rate of 65%. The highest infection rates were recorded in November (40%) and June (14%). The most affected age group was children aged 1 to 10 years (45%), followed by adolescents aged 11 years and older (20.8%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Epidemiological, amebiasis, Entamoeba histolytica, Aemebiasis-dysentry.
  topic: keywords
creator: Nour Khalaf AL-Shanen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 37
ending page: 45

TYPES, FORMS, TIME NORMS OF PRODUCTION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
type: item
description: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the main types, organizational forms, and time norms of production in the mechanical engineering industry. The specific features, technical-economic indicators, and areas of application of single, serial, and mass production types are studied. The importance of time norms in increasing labor productivity at mechanical engineering enterprises and the methodology for calculating them are also described. Recommendations for the development of the mechanical engineering industry in Uzbekistan are provided.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mechanical engineering, types of production, single production, serial production, mass production, time norm, technological process, labor productivity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Kambarova Manzuraxon Maripjanovna
creator: Abdusalomov Nuriddin Mutallibovich
creator: Abduqaxxorova Xulkaroy Otamirza qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 13
ending page: 17

DETECTION OF THE PVL GENE AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS WITH SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE SEVERITY
type: item
description: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). It remains unknown if Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and its virulence factors contribute to more severe diseases. Aim: To establish the prevalence of the pvl gene of Staphylococcus aureus among SSTI isolates and assess the association with disease severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Baghdad between December 2024 and January 2026 involving 71 patients with suspected SSTIs. Standard microbiological methods were used to identify the bacteria, and the VITEK 2 system confirmed the results. We evaluated 41 S. aureus isolates in total. Real-time PCR was used to find the pvl gene, and statistical analysis was used to see how it was related to the severity of the disease. Results: The pvl gene was detected in 24 (58.5%) isolates. A significant association was found between pvl positivity and increased disease severity (p = 0.032), with moderate and severe infections more common among PVL-positive cases. However, correlation analysis showed only a weak relationship. White blood cell counts were higher in moderate and severe cases but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: PVL-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains are prevalent among SSTI patients in Baghdad and may contribute to more severe infections, although disease severity remains multifactorial.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Staphylococcus aureus, Panton–Valentine leukocidin, SSTIs, Molecular detection, Clinical severity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Alaa A. Khaleel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ISILIN AND PELANGES ON LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION ENZYMES AND DETERMINATION OF THE NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL (NOAEL)
type: item
description: The liver and kidneys are major organs responsible for the metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics, which makes them more susceptible to chemical toxicity. It is important to be able to assess therapeutic safety by characterizing the effects of new compounds on these organs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Isilin, Pelanges, Liver Function, Kidney Function, ALT, AST, BUN, Creatinine, Histopathology, Toxicity, Mice Model.
  topic: keywords
creator: Donia Hisham Taha
creator: Muhammed Khalil Ibrahim
creator: Safa A Abdulqader
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
starting page: 14
ending page: 28

DETERMINATION OF ACARICIDE RESIDUES IN CHICKEN MEAT AND EGGS AFTER ACARICIDE APPLICATION
type: item
description: This article presents research data on the effects of the acaricide Delcid, used against red chicken mites, on the quality of meat and eggs. It also examines the drug’s accumulation in meat and internal organs, determines the time required for its elimination from the body, and, based on these findings, provides recommendations for the safe consumption of animal products by humans.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acaricide Delcid, ectoparasites, D. gallinae mites, drug accumulation in meat, cumulation, quality of chicken meat, premises treatment, deacarization, Bobrov apparatus.
  topic: keywords
creator: Vakhidova D. S.
creator: Fayzildinov A.A.
creator: Volynkina A. K.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 8
ending page: 13

ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MOBILIZING RESOURCES AND STRENGTHENING STAKEHOLDER CONNECTIONS
type: item
description: The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals represents the largest coordinated resource mobilisation challenge in the history of international development, requiring the systematic alignment of financial instruments, physical infrastructure investment, human capital development, technological capacity, and multi-stakeholder engagement within a coherent, equitable, and efficient resourcing architecture. This article investigates the theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence governing SDG resource mobilisation, analysing domestic revenue mobilisation strategies, international financing mechanisms, blended finance instruments, infrastructure investment frameworks, and the governance of multi-stakeholder resource partnerships.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Sustainable Development Goals, resource mobilisation, SDG financing, blended finance, infrastructure investment, domestic revenue, ODA, multi-stakeholder partnerships, development finance, SDG budgeting.
creator: Abdullayev Abduraxmon Alisher ugli
creator: Abdullayev Abduvohid Alisher ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY AND STIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
type: item
description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming medical education by enabling personalized learning, enhancing simulation-based training, and supporting competency-based assessment. This review synthesizes recent developments in AI-driven adaptive learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, virtual patients, and AI-augmented virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) simulators. We discuss pedagogical benefits—improved knowledge retention, faster skills acquisition, and actionable learning analytics—alongside key challenges including data privacy, algorithmic bias, faculty development, cost, and ethical concerns. Finally, we outline practical implementation strategies and propose future research directions to ensure responsible, equitable, and evidence-based integration of AI into medical curricula.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence; medical education; innovative pedagogy; simulation; virtual patients; adaptive learning; learning analytics; ethic.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ergasheva Yulduzoy Olimovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 24

DIDACTIC OPPORTUNITIES OF GAMIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPING DIGITAL LITERACY IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
type: item
description: This study examines the didactic potential of gamification technologies in developing students’ digital literacy within the educational process. In the era of rapid digitalization, digital literacy has become a fundamental skill for students, enabling them to effectively use digital tools, access information, and participate in modern learning environments. Gamification technologies, including educational games, simulations, and reward-based systems, provide interactive and motivating learning experiences that promote active engagement and skill acquisition. The research analyzes how these technologies can enhance students’ practical digital skills, critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative abilities. Furthermore, the study highlights both the opportunities and challenges of integrating gamification into teaching practices. Findings indicate that when implemented thoughtfully, gamification technologies significantly support the development of digital literacy and create learner-centered environments that foster motivation, creativity, and effective learning outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Gamification technologies, digital literacy, educational process, didactic opportunities, game-based learning, ICT skills, student engagement, interactive learning, digital competencies, innovative teaching.
creator: Butanova Sevara Rustamovna
creator: Bekmuratova Muhayyo Uralbayevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 12
ending page: 17

ORGANIZM
type: item
description: In this article, the concept of an organism and its connection with natural geographical complexes are analyzed from a scientific point of view. Issues of the main characteristics of the organism, systematicity, integrity, and interrelationships between components are highlighted. It also explains the formation of natural geographical complexes as a single system based on the interaction of natural components - climate, relief, soil, water, flora, and fauna. Based on the scientific views of Shubaev and Baratov, the article discusses the development of natural systems, the exchange of matter and energy, and the impact of human activity on nature. The necessity of maintaining the natural balance and nature conservation is also substantiated.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organism, natural geographical complex, natural components, landscape, systematicity, metabolism of matter and energy, ecological balance, climate, soil, vegetation cover, nature conservation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ollaberganov Najmiddin Odilbek o’g’li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 9
ending page: 11

NEUROENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC BIOMARKERS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: ASSOCIATION OF KISSPEPTIN, ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE, AND ADIPOKINES WITH HORMONAL DYSREGULATION
type: item
description: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women with complex neuroendocrine and metabolic causes. This case control study assessed serum levels of the following: kisspeptin, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), leptin, adiponectin, reproductive hormones, insulin resistance indices in 60 women with PCOS and 60 age-matched healthy controls in Iraq.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PCOS; Kisspeptin; AMH; Leptin; Adiponectin; HOMA-IR; Insulin Resistance; Hormonal Dysregulation; Iraq.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rawaa Mohammed Obiad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-18
publication date: 2026-03-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

MICROBIOTA AND HUMAN HEALTH: BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL IMPACT
type: item
description: The human microbiota represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of trillions of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, that colonize various anatomical sites of the body. Among these, the gut microbiota has emerged as a central regulator of host physiology, metabolism, immune function, and neurobehavioral processes. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and metagenomic analysis have significantly expanded our understanding of host–microbiota interactions and their role in maintaining health and contributing to disease pathogenesis. The biological mechanisms through which microbiota influence human health include modulation of immune system development, production of bioactive metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), regulation of epithelial barrier integrity, and interaction with endocrine and neural signaling pathways. Dysbiosis—an imbalance in microbial composition and function—has been strongly associated with a wide range of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and certain cancers.Recent clinical research highlights the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary modulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Personalized microbiome-based medicine is emerging as a promising approach for disease prevention and treatment.This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the biological mechanisms underlying microbiota-host interactions and evaluates their clinical implications in modern medicine. Understanding the microbiome as a key regulatory system offers new perspectives for translational research and precision healthcare strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microbiota; Gut microbiome; Dysbiosis; Immune regulation; Short-chain fatty acids; Metabolic syndrome; Inflammation; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Precision medicine.
  topic: keywords
creator: Shaismatova Gulbahor Xikmatova
creator: Pardayev Sardor Mamirvay og'li
creator: Normurodov Xushid Tursunmurodovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 42
ending page: 48

APOPTOSIS AND CELL PROLIFERATION: THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES
type: item
description: Apoptosis and cell proliferation are fundamental biological processes that maintain tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. The balance between programmed cell death and controlled cell division ensures normal growth, development, and regeneration of tissues. Disruption of this balance plays a central role in the initiation and progression of oncological diseases. Reduced apoptosis or excessive proliferation leads to uncontrolled cell growth, genomic instability, tumor formation, and metastasis. Modern molecular biology has revealed key regulatory pathways involved in apoptosis, including the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, extrinsic death receptor pathway, and the role of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins, and p53 tumor suppressor gene. Similarly, dysregulation of the cell cycle through cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and oncogenes contributes to malignant transformation.This article analyzes the molecular and cellular mechanisms of apoptosis and proliferation, their interaction in cancer pathogenesis, and the clinical significance of targeting these pathways in oncology. Understanding these mechanisms provides a scientific basis for the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine in cancer treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Apoptosis; Cell proliferation; Cancer; Oncogenesis; Cell cycle; Tumor suppressor genes; Caspases; Bcl-2; p53; Molecular oncology.
  topic: keywords
creator: Qudrat Obidjonovich Abduhamidov
creator: Firuza Farxodovna Ibragimova
creator: Nargiza Jabborovna Ahmadaliyeva
creator: Xodjimurodov Davron Ikramaliyevich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-24
publication date: 2026-02-24
starting page: 35
ending page: 41

METABOLIC HEALTH AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN IRAQI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors that substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although traditionally associated with older populations, recent evidence suggests a rising burden of MetS among young adults, particularly in regions undergoing rapid lifestyle transitions. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated metabolic and lifestyle-related risk factors among university students in Diyala Province, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of university students was performed. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and biochemical (fasting blood glucose and lipid profile) parameters were determined. MetS was diagnosed according to accepted criteria. Frequency of consumption of fast-food was assessed as lifestyle factor. Comparisons between students with and without MetS were conducted statistically. Results: Metabolic syndrome was identified among university students, indicating the presence of early cardiometabolic risk, suggesting an early cardiometabolic risk profile. The body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and VLDL were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) lower in those with MetS compared to their healthy counterparts. More frequent consumption of fast food (>3 times/week) was related with worse metabolic profiles: higher glucose, dyslipidemia, central obesity and heavier blood pressure. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and its components exist and are present in university students, in Diyala Province suggesting early occurrence of cardiometabolic risk. Frequent indulgence in fast-food is an important modifiable.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Noor Nayyef Oddah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 27
ending page: 34

LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN EFL WRITING: IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING METHODOLOGY
type: item
description: Writing is one of the most challenging skills for learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Among the common difficulties students face are lexical and grammatical errors, which significantly affect clarity, coherence, and communicative effectiveness. This article explores the nature and causes of lexical and grammatical errors in EFL writing and discusses their pedagogical implications. The study emphasizes the importance of systematic error analysis, contextualized grammar instruction, vocabulary development strategies, and communicative teaching approaches to reduce recurring errors. Practical recommendations for improving teaching methodology are also provided.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: EFL writing, lexical errors, grammatical errors, error analysis, teaching methodology, foreign language learning.
  topic: keywords
creator: Khayitmuratova Yulduz Iskandarovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-18
publication date: 2026-02-18
starting page: 20
ending page: 26

CHARACTERIZATION OF QUANTUM EFFICIENCY AND OPTICAL ABSORPTION OF NANOMATERIAL DRUG CARRIERS UNDER LASER EFFECT: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL INSIGHTS
type: item
description: To successfully combine laser technology with nanomedicine, it is important to have a good insight into the optical properties of drug carriers. The paper will describe the Quantum Efficiency (QE) and Optical Absorption of two different types of nanomaterials: carbon-based Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) synthesized by hydrothermal, biogenic (green), and Laser Ablation in Liquids (LAL) synthesis, and metallic nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs). The main goal was to establish the correlation between structural property - e.g. particle size, surface defects and functionalization - and the photonic performance of the material under laser irradiation. It was shown in the experiment that LAL-produced AuNPs are more monodispersed and reach a high Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at 520 nm as compared to other methods, which are more suited to photothermal work. On the other hand, organic capping layers resulted in broader absorption profiles in biogenic AgNPs. GQDs exhibited a high intrinsic QE of 18.4 percent with regards to the carbon-based carriers. When loaded with the anticancer drug Doxorubicin (DOX), the QE considerably dropped to 9.2% which is due to a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) process, essentially acting as an optical signal-off detector in drug conjugation. In order to triangulate these experimental results, DFT calculations were done with the B3LYP functional. The theoretical models estimated a decrease in HOMO-LUMO gap to 2.98 eV (GQD-DOX complex) compared to 3.65 eV (bare GQD) which was consistent with experimental optical data with a variation of less than 6%. As the current paper confirms, the combination of advanced laser spectroscopy and theoretical modeling allows building a powerful framework of the design of smart, optically active drug delivery system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Nanomaterial Characterization, Quantum Efficiency, Optical Absorption, Laser Ablation in Liquids, Graphene Quantum Dots, Density Functional Theory (DFT), Surface Plasmon Resonance, Drug Delivery Systems, Biogenic Synthesis, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).
creator: Zainab A. Elzahra
creator: Fatima Abbas Shaker
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12
starting page: 1
ending page: 19

METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING LOGICAL AND CREATIVE ABILITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON THE ADDIE MODEL
type: item
description: The article discusses the possibilities of using modern pedagogical technology - the ADDIE model - to develop the intellectual potential of primary school students. During the study, the impact of organizing educational processes based on five stages (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation) on the logical thinking and creative activity of students was studied. The article describes the methodology for designing special tasks and educational materials for primary school students. The results show that lessons organized on the basis of a systematic approach develop students' skills in overcoming problem situations and non-standard thinking.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ADDIE model, primary education, logical thinking, creative ability, instructional design, educational efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Nazarov Ilhomjon Usmanalievich
creator: O‘rinboyeva Lolakhon O‘ktamovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
starting page: 6
ending page: 19

INTERACTIVE METHODS IN TEACHING ENGLISH: DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
type: item
description: This article discusses the recognition of knowledge, its process, advantages, and planning, as well as language-teaching activities and games, and the challenges encountered in the application of interactive methods. It highlights that, in lessons conducted through interactive methods, students’ own life knowledge and experiences are taken into account. Instead of merely providing information, the teacher enriches the lesson by drawing on students’ existing knowledge and, rather than simply presenting information, encourages students to express independent opinions, thereby broadening their worldview.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Planning, training, process, problems, interactive method, advantages, collaboration, composition, presentation, development.
  topic: keywords
creator: Khaldarchayeva Gaukhar Serikbayevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

OPTIMIZATION AND ROUTING OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CNS TUMORS
type: item
description: Optimization and Routing of Pediatric Patients with Suspected CNS Tumors
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Polatova Djamila Shagayratovna
creator: Xojayev Shoxrux Qaxorbek ugli
creator: Saloxiddinov Habibullo Adhamjon ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-27
publication date: 2025-12-27
starting page: 19
ending page: 22

LITERATURE REVIEW ON CNS TUMORS
type: item
description: The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of CNS tumors, highlighting ongoing research and identifying areas where further exploration is needed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Salokhiddinov Khabibullo Adhamjon ugli
creator: Khaitova Anora Tojimuradovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: 8
ending page: 13

HIGH GRADE GLIOMA
type: item
description: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are a category of aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. These tumors are characterized by their rapid growth, invasive nature, and resistance to conventional therapies. This article explores the current understanding of high-grade gliomas, including their pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. The review highlights the challenges in managing these tumors, the latest research findings, and potential future therapeutic strategies. Early diagnosis and novel therapeutic approaches, such as immunotherapy and personalized medicine, are also discussed as promising avenues for improving patient outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: High-grade glioma, glioblastoma, brain tumor, treatment, immunotherapy, personalized medicine, prognosis, biomarkers.
  topic: keywords
creator: Salokhiddinov Khabibullo Adhamjon ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: 14
ending page: 18

THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE ECCENTRIC-TYPE EXPERIMENTAL VACUUM VALVE DESIGN
type: item
description: This article theoretically analyzes the shortcomings observed during the operation of SS-15 type separators used in the cotton-cleaning industry, particularly the energy losses caused by air leakage into the vacuum valve system and its impact on the quality of raw cotton. Furthermore, an experimental eccentric-type vacuum valve design was developed, and its efficiency was analyzed with respect to angular velocity, number of blades, and inclination angle.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Separator, pneumatic transport system, raw cotton, energy efficiency, experimental design, eccentric vacuum valve, blade angle, filling coefficient.
  topic: keywords
creator: Lazizbek Mekhmonaliev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-18
publication date: 2025-12-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

OBTAINING CORROSION INHIBITORS CONTAINING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS BASED ON AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
type: item
description: This study focuses on the synthesis of novel corrosion inhibitors containing nitrogen and phosphorus based on aromatic compounds. The research investigates the chemical modification of aromatic amines and phosphates, their incorporation into inhibitor formulations, and their effectiveness in protecting metal surfaces from corrosion. Electrochemical studies and immersion tests revealed that the obtained inhibitors significantly reduce the corrosion rate in aggressive environments. The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus functional groups provides synergistic effects, enhancing adsorption on metal surfaces and forming stable protective films.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aromatic compounds, Corrosion inhibitors, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Metal protection, Adsorption, Electrochemical analysis.
  topic: keywords
creator: Beknazarov Hasan Soyibnazarovich
creator: Ishanqulova Mehri Muratovna
creator: Ishonqulova Gulhon Tagaymurotovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 20
ending page: 23

OBTAINING NEW ANTICORROSION COATINGS BASED ON ETHANOLAMINES
type: item
description: This study focuses on the development of new anticorrosion coatings based on ethanolamines. Chemical modification of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) was performed to enhance their interaction with polymer matrices and metal surfaces. The resulting coatings exhibited excellent adhesion, improved barrier properties, and high resistance to corrosion in aggressive environments such as saline, acidic, and alkaline solutions. Electrochemical tests and salt spray experiments confirmed the effectiveness of ethanolamine-based coatings in preventing both uniform and localized corrosion. These findings demonstrate that ethanolamines are promising materials for the creation of environmentally friendly and efficient anticorrosion coatings for industrial applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethanolamines, Anticorrosion coatings, Metal protection, Polymer matrices, Corrosion resistance, Chemical modification, Salt spray test, Electrochemical impedance.
  topic: keywords
creator: Beknazarov Hasan Soyibnazarovich
creator: Ishonqulova Gulhon Tagaymurotovna
creator: Ishanqulova Mehri Muratovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 11
ending page: 18

STUDY OF THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE DISELENIUM DICHLORIDE (Se2Cl2) MOLECULE IN THE I. R. INFRARED AREA
type: item
description: The spectral and thermal properties of (Selenium-Halogen (Se2Cl2)) have been studied in this study, where the spatial geometry of the particles was studied using semi-experimental quantum programs in methdd (MNDO/PM3) via the dimensions of bonds. The basic molecule vibration frequencies, which have six basic vibration frequencies ranging from (69.34 - 456.01) cm-1 in the chair-form state, were also measured. The power is equal to (E.A = 2.047253eV), (Eg = 1.655715eV) and the distance quantity was determined to measure electronic affinity (E.A). The energy levels were then represented by two-dimensional ( 2D) and three-dimensional ( 3D) diagrams, and the total particle charge density and electrostatic voltage were determined using the HYPERCHEM software for most of the previous readings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spectral, Selenium, Halogen, HYPERCHEM 6, MNDO / pm3, molecular orbitals.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hadeer Mohammed Farhan
creator: Ahmed Mohammed Farhan
creator: Dakhil A. Abdzaid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

EVALUATION OF MINERAL METABOLISM IN BROILER CHICKS FED WITH CHITOSAN AND WHEY POWDER
type: item
description: Great attention is paid to the development of poultry farming in our republic. Today, as in all countries, the development of poultry farming is considered an important factor in ensuring food security, and the industry plays an invaluable role in providing the population with poultry meat and egg products rich in protein and vitamins. The dry and warm climate of Uzbekistan is favorable for keeping and raising poultry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chitosan, chitin, whey powder, calcium, phosphorus, broiler, poultry.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakhmonov Farkhod Kholbayevich
creator: Eshimov Dusmurat
creator: Nuriddinova Mukhlisa Isomiddin qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 24
ending page: 27

NEW APPROACHES TO ENDOCRINOPATHY IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
type: item
description: Epidemiologic data from observational studies and clinical trials provide substantial evidence of significant overlap between metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Recognizing this complex relationship, the American Heart Association (AHA) recently introduced the concept of a combined disease known as cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome (CKM), emphasizing the close association and interaction between these areas of health. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the current state of play regarding the newly defined CKM syndrome. This includes an examination of the epidemiologic and experimental data establishing links between cardio-metabolic diseases, an exploration of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and a comprehensive review of existing treatments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CKM; Cardiovascular metabolic syndrome; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; American Heart Association (AHA); Hepatoprotector; Gossypol derivative.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirzaeva A. Kh.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
starting page: 15
ending page: 23