European Journal of Economics, Finance and Business Development
European Journal of Economics, Finance and Business Development is a scholarly peer reviewed international multidisciplinary Journal. The journal implements double blind peer review for articles. The research manuscript have to pass through the plagiarism check before allotted to the reviewers. The open access journal ensure the quality of published articles. The journal includes wide range of research articles in multidisciplinary areas of Economics, Finance and Business Development. The original review, research, literature, short note, book reviews are welcome to publish in this journal Important information of the Journal: Frequency: 12 issues per Year International License: CC BY Acceptance Status : 1-2 weeks Publication Period : 1-2 weeks ISSN (E): 2938-3633 SJIF 2024: 5.099 Journal Abbreviation: Eur. j. econ. financ. bussiness dev. The scope of the journal is not limited to- Economics Business Development Business Planning Finance Social Work Forensic Science Fashion, Textiles and Luxury Goods Emergency & Disaster Management Food Sciences Museum Studies Real Estate & Property Management
FINANCING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN EMERGING MARKET SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
This paper examines the critical issues surrounding the financing of digital transformation initiatives within Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in emerging markets. It identifies key challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to capital, regulatory uncertainties, and a lack of skilled human resources that hinder the successful implementation of digital projects. The study explores various financing mechanisms, including public-private partnerships, venture capital, green finance, and international development aid, and analyzes their suitability for SEZs. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of emerging financial technologies (fintech) to bridge financing gaps and accelerate digital adoption. The paper concludes by offering policy recommendations aimed at creating a more conducive financial ecosystem for digital transformation in these strategic economic enclaves.
Digital economy, special economic zones, investment projects, financing, digital technologies, innovative financing.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE WAYS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGERIAL ACTIVITY IN PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES
This study examines methods for increasing the efficiency of managerial activity in production enterprises under conditions of uncertainty. Modern production systems operate in dynamic economic environments characterized by incomplete information, market fluctuations, and political and technological risks. Managerial efficiency depends on the ability to anticipate, evaluate, and mitigate these uncertainties through a combination of classical management principles, innovative technologies, and human-centric approaches. The research employs a mixed-methods design, combining surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis to evaluate current managerial practices, identify efficiency-enhancing strategies, and assess the impact of uncertainty on decision-making. Key findings highlight the importance of adaptive management, predictive and preventive measures, integration of digital technologies, strategic flexibility, and participative decision-making. A synergetic approach that combines quantitative and qualitative analyses is recommended to optimize managerial performance, ensure sustainable growth, and maintain a competitive advantage in production enterprises.
Managerial efficiency, production enterprises, uncertainty, adaptive management, decision-making, digital technologies, synergetic approach, strategic flexibility, predictive measures, performance monitoring.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS’ LENDING ACTIVITIES IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed the banking sector, offering commercial banks new opportunities to improve the efficiency of their lending activities. Digital transformation enables banks to streamline credit evaluation, enhance risk assessment, and optimize loan processing operations. This paper explores how commercial banks can leverage digital tools—including artificial intelligence, big data analytics, blockchain, and digital lending platforms—to increase lending efficiency and profitability while minimizing risks. The study also examines the challenges posed by technological integration, regulatory compliance, and cybersecurity, highlighting strategies to overcome these obstacles. Findings suggest that banks that strategically adopt digital solutions can significantly enhance their lending processes, improve customer experience, and maintain competitive advantage in the digital era.
Commercial banks, lending efficiency, digital transformation, credit risk management, digital lending, financial technology, operational optimization.
DETERMINANTS OF VENTURE CAPITAL EXPANSION: THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND MARKET LIQUIDITY
This study examines the determinants of venture capital development with a focus on institutional quality, economic development, and market depth of countries. Using unbalanced panel data across countries, the analysis applies advanced econometric techniques, including the Mundlak (Correlated Random Effects) approach, to account for unobserved heterogeneity and distinguish between within- and between-country effects. The results show that GDP per capita and stock market activity positively influence venture capital investment, highlighting the importance of economic development and exit opportunities. While the within-country effect of the rule of law appears negative, its between-country (mean) effect is positive and statistically significant, suggesting that countries with consistently stronger institutional environments attract higher levels of venture capital in the long run. Overall, the findings emphasize that venture capital development is primarily driven by structural differences in institutional quality and market conditions rather than short-term changes. The study provides important policy implications, particularly for emerging economies, underscoring the need to strengthen legal systems, develop exit markets, and support risk-sharing financial mechanisms.
Venture capital, institutional quality, exit markets, M&A, IPO, contract enforcement, investor protection.
THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTERS: A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
The emergence and development of international financial centers (IFCs) represent one of the most significant phenomena in the global economic landscape. This article traces the theoretical evolution of the concept of international financial centers from the early twentieth-century notion of “world cities” to contemporary understandings of global financial hubs. The research examines the historical trajectory of major financial centers from medieval Italian city-states through contemporary global hubs, identifying critical factors that have determined their rise, dominance, and occasional decline. The findings reveal that successful IFCs are characterized by the concentration of international capital, liberal regulatory frameworks, advanced telecommunications infrastructure, and the presence of multinational corporations and financial institutions. The article concludes by synthesizing these theoretical and historical insights into a comprehensive definition of international financial centers and their role in the global economy.
Finance, international financial center, world city, global city, financial hub, capital markets, urban economics.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT OF INVESTMENT PROPERTY UNDER IAS 40: ISSUES AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
This article examines the fair value measurement of investment property in accordance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 40. Investment property represents an important category of assets that can significantly influence the financial position and performance of companies. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of fair value measurement and its role in improving the transparency and reliability of financial reporting. Particular attention is paid to the advantages and challenges associated with the application of the fair value model in practice. The research also discusses common issues faced by companies in determining the fair value of investment property, including the lack of active markets, valuation subjectivity, and the availability of reliable market data. In addition, the paper considers the practical implications of fair value measurement for financial decision-making and financial reporting quality. Based on the analysis, several recommendations are proposed to improve the reliability and effectiveness of investment property valuation under IAS 40.
Investment property, IAS 40, fair value measurement, financial reporting, valuation methods, accounting standards, financial transparency.
PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-ECONOMY SECTOR: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
The sustainable development of the agro-economy sector is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of national food security, rural welfare, and adaptation to global climate change. In Uzbekistan and many other developing economies, agriculture remains a dominant sector, yet it faces structural, environmental, and financial challenges that threaten its long-term stability. This article investigates the prospects of sustainable development in the agro-economy, with a specific focus on Uzbekistan’s agricultural transformation between 2018 and 2024. The study applies a mixed methodological framework, combining econometric modeling, statistical analysis, SWOT assessment, and scenario-based forecasting to examine productivity growth, irrigation efficiency, export diversification, and the transition to organic farming. Empirical findings indicate that the adoption of digital agriculture technologies (AgroTech, AI, IoT) and the establishment of agro-clusters have contributed to improvements in yield, market access, and resource management. However, persistent issues such as excessive water consumption, limited renewable energy integration, and insufficient access to green finance continue to slow progress. Comparative analysis with international best practices from the European Union, China, and Turkey highlights both opportunities and gaps in Uzbekistan’s agricultural policies. The paper concludes by recommending strategic policy measures that include the promotion of green financing instruments, expansion of renewable energy in rural areas, strengthening of value chains, and the development of climate-resilient farming practices. These measures are expected to foster a competitive, inclusive, and sustainable agro-economy that is aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Sustainable agriculture, agro-industrial development, value chain integration, climate-smart agriculture, water-use efficiency.
THE BENEFITS OF ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN REAL ESTATE OPERATIONS
This article analyzes the economic, environmental, and social benefits of improving energy efficiency in the operation of real estate buildings. The study assesses the effectiveness of modern energy-saving technologies, energy-efficient construction materials, and management mechanisms. It substantiates the potential to reduce operating costs, minimize environmental impact, and increase the market value of real estate properties.
Real estate, energy efficiency, building operation, energy-saving technologies, operating costs, sustainable development.
KEY DIRECTIONS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT
This article examines the key directions for improving risk management systems in modern financial and corporate environments. The increasing complexity of global economic relations, digital transformation, and financial market volatility require organizations and financial institutions to develop more effective risk management frameworks. The research analyzes international practices in risk management, particularly focusing on developed economies, and evaluates the current state of risk management implementation in Uzbekistan. The study identifies the main challenges affecting risk management efficiency, including technological risks, regulatory challenges, and organizational barriers. Through comparative analysis and statistical review, the article highlights the importance of integrated risk management strategies, digital tools, and institutional reforms. The findings indicate that organizations adopting advanced risk governance structures demonstrate higher resilience and financial sustainability. The article concludes with practical recommendations aimed at strengthening risk management systems through improved regulatory frameworks, adoption of modern analytical technologies, and enhanced professional training. The results may contribute to improving decision‑making processes and strengthening financial stability at both institutional and national levels.
Risk management, enterprise risk management, financial stability, risk governance, digital risk analytics, banking sector.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of corporate governance as one of the key concepts in the modern global economy. The economic essence, objectives, and functions of corporate governance in the context of globalization and the development of corporate structures are analyzed. Special attention is given to major corporate governance theories, including agency theory, stakeholder theory, transaction cost theory, resource dependence theory, and political theory. The paper also discusses conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers and highlights the role of corporate governance in increasing investment attractiveness and improving corporate performance.
Corporate governance, agency theory, stakeholders, transaction cost theory, resource dependence, political theory, corporate structure.
WORLD EXPERIENCE: THE LINKAGE BETWEEN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND GROWTH
This paper examines how digital transformation shapes economic growth by changing productivity dynamics, firm behavior, public service efficiency, and the allocation of capital and labor. Drawing on international experience, the study frames digital transformation as a systemic shift that combines infrastructure (broadband, cloud, data centers), adoption (digital skills, e-commerce, automation), and governance (competition policy, cybersecurity, data protection, and digital public platforms). The central argument is that growth effects depend less on technology availability and more on diffusion quality: complementary investments in human capital, management practices, and institutions determine whether digital tools translate into higher total factor productivity and inclusive gains. The paper also highlights common bottlenems: unequal connectivity, skill gaps, low trust in digital services, and weak interoperability across public and private systems, which can slow diffusion and widen regional and sectoral disparities. The analysis positions Uzbekistan’s reform trajectory within these global patterns and proposes a policy-informed lens for assessing which digital levers most reliably generate growth, employment upgrading, and resilience in emerging economies.
digital transformation, economic growth, productivity, total factor productivity, ICT infrastructure, diffusion, innovation, platform economy, digital skills, e-government, competitiveness, data governance, cybersecurity, inclusive development, structural change.
KEY ISSUES IN THE AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN UZBEKISTAN
This article is devoted to the features of conducting an audit of financial statements prepared in accordance with international standards in Uzbekistan, in which the relevance of studying this topic, the level of study, the features of organizing an audit of financial statements prepared in accordance with international standards, the opportunities achieved in the implementation of IFRS and AAS in practice, issues to be studied in the process of auditing transactions made after the date of preparation of financial statements, the differences in the audit of financial statements prepared using parallel accounting (conversion) and transformation methods, and practical recommendations for improving this process are formulated.
Financial statement audit, international auditing standards, international financial reporting standards, financial reporting standards, fraud, misrepresentation of financial statements, errors and omissions in financial statements, reliability of financial statements, users of financial statements, parallel accounting (conversion) method, transformation method.
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN STRENGTHENING THE REVENUE BASE OF LOCAL BUDGETS
This article analyzes the theoretical and methodological aspects of strengthening the revenue base of local budgets, as well as the experience of foreign countries in this field. In particular, mechanisms such as fiscal decentralization, increasing the share of local taxes, digitalization of tax administration, and diversification of non-tax revenue sources are examined. The study also develops practical recommendations based on institutional factors and the possibilities of adapting advanced foreign practices to national conditions. The research findings contribute to ensuring the financial independence of local budgets and promoting the sustainable socio-economic development of regions.
Local budget, revenue base, fiscal decentralization, local taxes, tax administration, non-tax revenues, transfers, budget sustainability, foreign experience, financial independence.
ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF THE IMPACT OF MOBILE PAYMENT SERVICES ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING DATA FROM PAYME, CLICK, AND UZUM BANK
This article investigates the impact of mobile payment services on consumer behavior through an econometric modelling approach. Using empirical data from Payme, Click, and Uzum Bank – the three leading digital payment platforms in Uzbekistan – the research evaluates how the intensity of mobile transaction usage influences consumer spending patterns and adoption decisions. A multiple regression model and logistic estimation techniques are employed to identify statistically significant determinants shaping behavioral shifts towards digital financial services. The results demonstrate that transaction frequency, service convenience, perceived security, and digital infrastructure quality are key drivers of consumer behavior transformation. The findings contribute to the growing literature on fintech adoption in emerging markets and provide policy-relevant insights for strengthening digital financial ecosystems.
Mobile payments; consumer behavior; econometric modelling; digital finance; fintech adoption; regression analysis; Uzbekistan.
THE ROLE OF REFLECTION IN CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Reflective practice has become a central mechanism within Continuing Professional Development (CPD) frameworks in higher education. It enables educators to evaluate teaching practices, identify growth areas, and align professional learning with institutional demands andstudent expectations. This article examines the conceptual foundations of reflection, its pedagogical value, and its challenges within CPD systems, drawing from scholarly literature to argue that reflective engagement both individualizes and democratizes academic development.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS BY COMMERCIAL BANKS
This article examines the theoretical aspects of securities transactions of commercial banks, mechanisms for their improvement. The article also studies the organizational, legal and operational mechanisms for conducting securities transactions in banks, examines the problems that hinder their development, and formulates conclusions on the further development of the activities of commercial banks in the securities market.
Commercial banks, securities, securities of commercial banks, stock market, diversification, bond, eurobond.
THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN COVERING THE TOURISM CAPACITY: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS
This article analyzes the role of the media (media) in covering the tourism potential of Uzbekistan. The research question is: How does the media affect the effective coverage of the tourism potential of Uzbekistan and what opportunities and prospects exist in this process? As tourism becomes one of the important sectors of the economy, the importance of the media in promoting it is increasing. The research was based on qualitative analysis methods and content analysis. Although travel journalism is a major field, it was found that there is almost no modern research on this topic. It is necessary to continue research in order for scientists to continue their research and find solutions to existing problems. According to the results, the field of journalism is an important tool in popularizing tourism, and it was found that multimedia content created in particular on online platforms and social networks is increasing interest in tourism.
Tourism, media, media strategy, content analysis, domestic tourism, social networks.
LEGAL BASIS OF SETTLEMENT OF CREDIT OPERATIONS IN THE ENTERPRISES
The strict adherence of these banks to the principles of loan repayment, processing, solvency and security, as stipulated in current legislation and agreed upon with the parties, is studied. Depending on the term, bank loans are short and long-term. With the temporary term (date) of the loan. The legal and regulatory documents on the procedure for repaying loans are studied.
Bank, credit, Commercial bank, balance sheet, liquidity, Business entities, liabilities.
WAYS TO ENSURE THE PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN UZBEKISTAN
In the global economy, ensuring the profitability of commercial banks is of strategic importance for the continuous functioning of financial intermediation, the sustainable allocation of credit resources to the real sector, and strengthening the stability of the banking system. With sufficient profitability, banks can expand their capital base, diversify risks, introduce innovative financial products, and pursue a competitive interest rate policy, which serves as a driver of economic growth. On the contrary, low profitability increases the risk of limiting credit activity, deteriorating asset quality, and increasing threats to financial stability. Therefore, in the banking practice of countries around the world, ensuring the profitability of commercial banks is considered one of the priority areas of bank management.
Economy, commercial banks, financial resources, mobile banking services, macroeconomic environment, market conditions, regulation, risks, stability, regulators.
THE MAIN RISKS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS IN FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Financing infrastructure projects is one of the key areas of activity for international commercial banks, especially in the context of the growing need of developing and transition economies to modernize their transport, energy and logistics infrastructure. At the same time, infrastructure projects are characterized by high capital intensity, long implementation periods, and a significant degree of uncertainty, which creates a wide range of risks for lending banks. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the main risks faced by international commercial banks when financing infrastructure projects. This article examines credit, operational, regulatory, political, currency, and legal risks, as well as the specifics of their assessment and management in project finance. Particular attention is paid to the role of the institutional environment and public-private partnerships in redistributing and mitigating banking risks. Based on an analysis of international experience, conclusions are drawn regarding the key factors influencing international banks' participation in infrastructure financing.
International commercial banks, infrastructure projects, project financing, banking risks, investments, PPP.
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC CONTROL AND SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN INCREASING TAX COLLECTIVITY
This article scientifically examines the role of public oversight and social awareness in improving tax collection. The experience of Uzbekistan is comparatively analyzed with the practices of Scandinavian countries, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore. The research results show that citizens' trust in the tax system and active public participation directly affect the increase in tax collection rates. The article develops scientific and practical proposals for adapting international experience and enhancing tax culture in Uzbekistan.
Tax collection, public oversight, social awareness, tax culture, Scandinavian experience, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Uzbekistan, tax system, trust.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE NEUTRALITY TRAP: ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF UZBEKISTAN’S GOLD-BACKED EXCHANGE RATE POLICY
Since the liberalization of the foreign exchange market in 2017, the Central Bank of Uzbekistan (CBU) has operated under a "Principle of Neutrality"—selling foreign currency reserves only to sterilize the liquidity generated by domestic gold purchases. This paper analyzes the efficacy of this mechanism during the volatility of 2024–2025. By correlating gold price fluctuations with CBU intervention volumes, we demonstrate that the stability of the Uzbek Soum (UZS) has become structurally dependent on global gold markets rather than domestic productivity. While this "Gold-FX Shield" successfully limited depreciation to ~4.7% in 2024, our results suggest it creates a "Neutrality Trap," where a significant correction in gold prices would force the regulator to choose between abandoning neutrality or permitting a destabilizing currency shock.
Gold–fx shield, principle of neutrality, foreign exchange market, central bank of uzbekistan, gold price volatility, currency intervention, exchange rate stability, neutrality trap, monetary policy, uzbek soum.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON THE SUSTAINABILITY AND INNOVATION OF UZBEKISTAN'S TRANSPORT COMPANIES
This article examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the sustainability and innovative development of transport companies in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on an analysis of regulatory documents, annual reports, and Agency for Development of the Capital Market and Corporate Governance of the Republic of Uzbekistan (ARRUKR) data for 2020–2024, the level of governance maturity in railway, aviation, and road transport organizations is assessed. Quantitative indicators of board independence, the dynamics of ESG reporting implementation, and innovation activity are presented. Three case studies, a SWOT analysis, and comparisons with practices in South Korea (Korail), Germany (Deutsche Bahn), and France (SNCF) are conducted. Two research hypotheses are formulated and empirically validated, and practical recommendations for institutional improvement of corporate governance are proposed.
Corporate governance, sustainability, innovation, ESG, digitalization, transport sector, Uzbekistan, Middle Corridor.
DEVELOPING SOCIAL AND SERVICE SECTORS THROUGH DIGITALIZATION OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN A MODERN ECONOMY
This article examines the prospects for the introduction of digital services in commercial banks in the modern economy, scientific views aimed at studying the ways to successfully implement digital technologies, improve customer service and increase the overall efficiency of banks. In today's digital economy, the introduction of digital services for banks serves not only as a convenience, but also as an important factor ensuring competitiveness.
Commercial banks, digital services, digitization, banking services, financial services, remote service.
THE IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION ON INVESTORS’ DECISION-MAKING
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical significance of accounting information for investors. From a scientific perspective, it substantiates that accounting information serves as a primary source in making investment decisions, playing a crucial role in risk assessment and strategic planning. From a practical perspective, the article illustrates the importance of accounting information in selecting investment objects, shaping dividend policies, mitigating financial risks, and monitoring corporate performance. At the same time, it emphasizes that in periods of recession and economic uncertainty, blindly relying on standard indicators may prove ineffective; therefore, when interpreting published financial statements, it is essential to take into account the specific features of the reporting period. The article argues for the necessity of adopting a comprehensive approach to the qualitative analysis and utilization of accounting information. The conclusions presented highlight the opportunities for investors to purposefully use accounting information in developing risk-averse and efficient investment strategies.
Accounting information, investors, financial reporting, investment risks, dividend policy, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), recession, analysis of information quality
Accounting information, investors, financial reporting, investment risks, dividend policy, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), recession, analysis of information quality.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF GROWING AND USING MEDICINAL PLANTS
The article has developed proposals with an analysis of the importance of the development of the system of cultivation and sale of medicinal plants in Uzbekistan, the reforms carried out in recent years, the directions of scientists conducting research in this regard, and the dynamics of development.
Medicinal plants, pandemics, forest lands, investment projects, research, land area, growth rates, biodiversity.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NEOCLASSICAL THEORIES IN ECONOMIC GROWTH
This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of neoclassical growth theories, particularly the Solow–Swan and Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans models, and their significance for economic policy. The article examines the impact of capital accumulation, labor force growth, and technological progress on long-term economic growth from a neoclassical perspective. It also compares the limitations of neoclassical growth theories with endogenous growth models and provides general conclusions on neoclassical model parameters in the context of Uzbekistan.
Economic growth, neoclassical theory, Solow model, capital accumulation, technological progress, economic policy, Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model.
AI-BASED NOWCASTING OF REAL INCOME AND PROFIT GROWTH IN UZBEKISTAN USING MULTI-SOURCE ECONOMIC DATA
The study explores a data-driven approach to anticipating short-term changes in Uzbekistan’s real income growth by integrating national and international economic indicators. Using open datasets from the Statistics Agency, the World Bank, and nowcasting sources, the research develops a predictive framework that applies machine learning algorithms—specifically Random Forest and LSTM models—to capture the dynamic patterns of income fluctuations between 2010 and 2024. Unlike conventional econometric techniques that rely on lagged data, the proposed method allows near–real-time estimation of income growth trends. The results suggest that foreign direct investment, technological exports, and trade openness exert the strongest influence on income dynamics, while energy intensity demonstrates a moderate inverse relationship. The model’s empirical performance indicates that combining AI-based forecasting with official statistics can improve the accuracy and timeliness of socio-economic monitoring in transition economies such as Uzbekistan.
Real income, machine learning, nowcasting, economic indicators, data integration, forecasting, profit.
THE GREEN ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN'S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The shift towards a green economy is one of the main components of Uzbekistan's sustainable development agenda. This paper looks at both the quantitative and qualitative effects of the green economy between 2019 and 2024, particularly in relation to growth in renewable energy, reduction in carbon emissions, energy efficiency, and financial investment. The methods used for evaluation are mathematical and statistical. It has been found that capacity for renewable energy increased by 573 percent from 2019 to 2024 at an average annual growth rate of 15.5 percent. Carbon emissions were reduced by 4.2 percent, energy efficiency increased by 15.6 percent, and the share of GDP created by the green sector tripled during this period. The correlation coefficient shows a great opposite relationship between the growth of renewable energy and the reduction of emissions with a value of r = -0.84. These results can be utilized as proof that Uzbekistan's green transition is measurable and transformative; hence it should serve as an example for Central Asia looking to achieve sustainable development through similar means.
Green economy, renewable energy, sustainable development, Uzbekistan, statistical modeling, economic efficiency.